APOE and LRPAP1 gene polymorphism and risk of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Epidemiologic findings suggest that lipids and alteration in lipid metabolizing protein/gene may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the current study was to determine the serum lipid levels and genetic variation in two lipid metabolizing genes, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-associated protein (LRPAP1) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, this study included 70 patients with PD and 100 age-matched controls. LRPAP1 and APOE gene polymorphism were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Fasting serum lipid levels were determined using an autoanalyser. The logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of serum cholesterol [odds ratio (OR) = 1.101, 95 % confidence interval (CI95%) = 1.067-1.135], LRPAP1 I allelic variant alone (OR = 2.766, CI95% = 1.137-6.752) and in combination with APOE ε4 allelic variant (OR = 4.187, CI95% = 1.621-10.82) were significantly associated with increase in PD risk. Apart from that, the high levels of LDL cholesterol appears to have a protective role (OR = 0.931, CI95% = 0.897-0.966) against PD. The LRPAP1 I allelic variant may be considered a candidate gene for PD, predominantly in patients having the APOE ε4 allelic variant.

Statins may facilitate Parkinson's disease: Insight gained from a large, national claims database

“…The large sample size in the current study also permitted estimation of associations with different statin types (lipophilic vs hydrophilic). In contrast to prior studies 17,18 with much smaller sample sizes, we found that lipophilic statins were associated with highest PD risk. Conversely, a significant association was not found for nonstatin cholesterollowering agents, but the less frequent use of these drugs left this aspect of the study underpowered.…”

“…Despite this uncertainty, 14,18 there has been a prevailing sentiment to use statins as neuroprotective agents [19][20][21] ; indeed simvastatin (a lipophilic statin) is in a current clinical trial. 19 It is, therefore, timely to evaluate carefully the relationship of statins and PD risk.…”

Recurrence‐associated gene signature optimizes recurrence‐free survival prediction of colorectal cancer

“…PTPN14 is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, and it has been reported to be a regulator of lymphatic function and choanal development (Au et al, 2010;Mendola et al, 2013). LRPAP1 interacts with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, and reports have shown that this gene was associated with myopia and Parkinson's disease (Khan et al, 2016;Singh et al, 2014). Up to now, most of the 13 mRNA have not been studied in CRC.…”

Understanding the Links Between Cardiovascular Disease and Parkinson's Disease

“…There are fascinating mechanisms that may be relevant, for example, a large clinical study provided evidence that lipids and lipoproteins may affect dopamine neuron–specific signaling cascades . Other studies show that cholesterol recycling may be linked to PD, and related genes are associated with increased PD risk or are affected in animal models of PD or PD itself …”

“…114 There are fascinating mechanisms that may be relevant, for example, a large clinical study provided evidence that lipids and lipoproteins may affect dopamine neuron-specific signaling cascades. 115 Other studies show that cholesterol recycling may be linked to PD, 109,110,114 and related genes are associated with increased PD risk 116 or are affected in animal models of PD 117 or PD itself. 118 Despite the literature linking serum/plasma total and LDL cholesterol to PD, 26,27,30,40,47,[96][97][98][99][100][101][102] the cause of the association is not known and further complicated by the compartmentalization of the brain and peripheral cholesterol.…”