Apoferritin nanocages for targeted delivery of idarubicin against breast cancer cells

Abstract

In recent years, nanotechnology has attracted attention for its capability to diagnose and remedy diverse tumors successfully. Protein nanocarriers as a platform of targeted drug delivery can be used to reduce toxicity and improve the effect of anticancer drugs. Idarubicin (IDR) is a chemotherapy drug that is classified as an anthracycline antitumor. In this study, IDR was encapsulated within horse spleen apoferritin (HsAFr) nanocarriers. Encapsulation was obtained through disassembling apoferritin into subunits at pH 2 and subsequently reassembling it at pH 7.4 in the presence of IDR. Transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques showed that drug molecules are loaded within apoferritin. Intrinsic fluorescence information exhibited that the encapsulation does not have any effects on the tertiary structure of the protein. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency were found to be 7.15% and 84.75%, respectively. Comparison of anticancer activities in HsAFr-IDR and free drug IDR was made via the MTT viability technique in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).

Ferritin-based nanomedicine for disease treatment

“…[ 16 ] managed to encapsulate platinum anticancer drugs into apoferritin after pH-mediating disassembly/reassembly that cisplatin or carboplatin were loaded in apoferritin. Other small molecules drugs, including paclitaxel [ 19 – 21 ], streptomycin [ 51 ], quercetin [ 22 ], curcumin [ 22 , 23 ], saponin [ 15 ], epirubicin [ 24 ], carbachol [ 42 ], atropine [ 42 ], mitoxantrone [ 25 ], kartogenin [ 26 ], ZnF 16 Pc [ 27 ], idarubicin [ 29 ], vandetanib [ 30 ], lenvatinib [ 30 ], vandetanib [ 31 ] and camptothecin [ 32 ] were also encapsulated in ferritin nanocage by this loading method.…”