Apomixis and hybridity inHypericum perforatum

Mártonfi, Pavol; Brutovská, R.; Čellárová, Eva; Repčák, Miroslav

doi:10.1007/bf02815383

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, it was recently implied that the plant has a single evolutionary origin and arose from independent and recurrent polyploidization of two different ancestral gene pools along with occurrence of substantial gene flow within and between H. perforatum and H. maculatum (Koch et al 2013). As both sexual and aposporic processes can simultaneously occur in a given plant, St. John's wort is considered as a facultative apomict species (Percifield et al 2007;Mártonfi et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic relationships of Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. wild populations as evaluated by ISSR markers

et al. 2014

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St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), as the most important medicinal species of the genus Hypericum, is medicinally used for many purposes such as treatment of mild and moderate depression. Considering importance of knowledge on genetic structure of wild relatives of crop plants, the present study was aimed to assess genetic variability among ten wild populations of H. perforatum growing in different climatic regions of Iran via ISSR markers. In general 15 selected primers generated 191 polymorphic fragments with an average of 12 in each primer. According to the UPGMA constructed dendrogram and PCoA, studied populations were classified into four main groups which was, to the some extent, in accordance with their geographical origins. Genetic distances of these populations ranged from 0.109 (Nor and Nowshahr) to 0.345 (Ardebil and Galogah). Also, Nei gene diversity (H e ) values were calculated to be from 0.066 to 0.216 and Shannon's information indices (I) varied from 0.321 to 0.097. Nei's genetic differentiation index (G st ) was high (0.573) indicating the high levels of genetic variation among the studied populations. Finally, the gene flow (N m ) value was found to be 0.372. Obtained information is useful for use of Iranian H. perforatum germplasm for breeding programs and for development of effective conservation strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic relationships of Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. wild populations as evaluated by ISSR markers

et al. 2014

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“…To meet the increase in demand and to prevent genetic erosion due to overharvest from wild growing plants, H. perforatum has to be produced by cultivation. Effective breeding strategies are required, therefore, to produce cultivars of St. John's wort that give a homogeneous quality of extracts and exhibit favorable agronomic characteristics to ensure stable quality and yield (Mártonfi et al, 1996). Genetic diversity is the raw material for the development of improved cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferability of barley retrotransposon primers to analyze geneticstructure in Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. populations

Mamaghani¹,

Mohammadi²,

Aharizad³

2015

Turk J Bot

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Transferability of barley retrotransposon primers was investigated to analyze population structure in St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) based on inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP). Seven long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon primers derived from the barley genome were used to detect genetic polymorphism in eight Iranian populations and three cultivars (Helos, New Stem, and Topaz) of H. perforatum based on IRAP analysis. Nine possible LTR primers/primer combinations successfully amplified fragments from the H. perforatum genome. In total, 311 bands of 100-3000 base pairs were amplified, of which 244 were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic fragments ranged from 10 (Nikita/5′LTR-2) to 57 (3′LTR), with an average of 27.11. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) could clearly differentiate samples of wild populations and cultivars. Based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), among populations variance explained 58% of total molecular variation. This study demonstrates that IRAP markers can be utilized not only to determine the relationships of Hypericum populations and cultivars, but also as a tool for selection of suitable populations for breeding programs.

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“…H. perforatum is a facultative apomict since sexual and aposporic processes can occur in the same plant. The development of the sexual embryo sac is often terminated at the megaspore mother cell (MMC) or reduced megaspore stage, while one or more somatic aposporic initial cells differentiate from the nucellar tissue to initiate unreduced embryo sacs directly by mitosis (Mártonfi et al, 1996). In tetraploids, sexually produced seeds retain the standard 2:1 (ie 4:2) maternal to paternal genome ratio in the hexaploid endosperm, whereas this ratio is unbalanced and variable in apomictic seeds (eg 8:2 and 8:0 with pseudogamy and autonomy, respectively), the result of differential fertilisation potential during embryo and endosperm formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and reproductive biology in ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L.

et al. 2006

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Apomixis is a mode of asexual reproduction through seed. Progeny produced by apomixis are clonal replicas of a mother plant. The essential feature of apomixis is that embryo sacs and embryos are produced in ovules without meiotic reduction or egg cell fertilisation. Thus, apomixis fixes successful gene combinations and propagates high fitness genotypes across generations. A more profound knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate reproductive events in plants would contribute fundamentally to understanding the evolution and genetic control of apomixis. Molecular markers were used to determine levels of genetic variation within and relationship among ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L. (2n ¼ 4x ¼ 32). All ecotypes were polyclonal, being not dominated by a single genotype, and characterised by different levels of differentiation among multilocus genotypes. Flow cytometric analysis of seeds indicated that all ecotypes were facultatively apomictic, with varying degrees of apomixis and sexuality. Seeds set by haploid parthenogenesis and/or by fertilisation of aposporic egg cells were detected in most populations. The occurrence of both dihaploids and hexaploids indicates that apospory and parthenogenesis may be developmentally uncoupled and supports two distinct genetic factors controlling apospory and parthenogenesis in this species. Cyto-embryological analysis showed that meiotic and aposporic processes do initiate within the same ovule: the aposporic initial often appeared evident at the time of megaspore mother cell differentiation. Our observations suggest that the egg cell exists in an active metabolic state before pollination, and that its parthenogenetic activation leading to embryo formation may occur before fertilisation and endosperm initiation.

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Apomixis and hybridity inHypericum perforatum

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Genetic relationships of Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. wild populations as evaluated by ISSR markers

Genetic relationships of Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. wild populations as evaluated by ISSR markers

Transferability of barley retrotransposon primers to analyze geneticstructure in Iranian Hypericum perforatum L. populations

Genetic diversity and reproductive biology in ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L.

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