Apoptosis study of the macrophage via near-field scanning optical microscope

Wang, Dau-Chung; Wun, Sin-Jhu; Chen, Ken-Yen; Chen, Gen-You; Chen, Shinn-Hwa

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/100/5/052035

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…EAST is the first all superconducting tokamak with a double null divertor configuration. The first limiter plasma was obtained in September 2006, and the first divertor plasma was obtained in 2007 [12]. Helium enrichment is one of key issues to evaluate the divertor closure.…”

Section: Results For East Wall Conditioning and Plasma Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher resolution helium measuring system for deuterium plasma on EAST tokamak via normal Penning gauge

Wang¹,

Hu²,

Yu³

et al. 2016

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Although the deuterium and helium have almost the same mass, a Penning Optical Gas Analyzer (POGA) system on the basis of the spectroscopic method and Penning discharging has been designed on EAST, since 2014. The POGA system was developed successfully in 2015, it was the first time that EAST could detect helium partial pressure in deuterium plasma (wall conditioning and plasma operation scenario). With dedicated calibration and proper adjustment of the parameters, the minimum concentration of helium in deuterium gas can be measured as about 0.5% instead of 1% on the other tokamak devices. Moreover, the He and D 2 partial pressures are measured simultaneously. At present, the measurable range of deuterium partial pressure is 1×10 −7 mbar to 1×10 −5 mbar, meanwhile the range of helium is 1×10 −8 mbar to 1×10 −5 mbar. The measurable range can be modified by means of the adjustment of POGA system's parameters. It is possible to detect the interesting part of the gas with a time resolution of less than 5 ms (the 200 ms because of conductance of transfer pipe at present). The POGA system was routinely employed to wall conditioning and helium enrichment investigation in 2015. Last but not the least, the low temperature plasma of POGA is generated by normal penning gauge Pfeiffer IKR gauge instead of Alcatel CF2P, which has been suspended for a few years and was used for almost all the POGA systems in the world.

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Section: Results For East Wall Conditioning and Plasma Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher resolution helium measuring system for deuterium plasma on EAST tokamak via normal Penning gauge

Wang¹,

Hu²,

Yu³

et al. 2016

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Study and optimization of boronization in Alcator C-Mod using the Surface Science Station (S3)

Ochoukov

Whyte

Lipschultz

et al. 2012

Fusion Engineering and Design

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A Surface Science Station (S 3 ) on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is used to study and optimize the location and rate of boron film deposition in-situ during electron cyclotron (EC) discharge plasmas using 2.45 GHz radio-frequency (RF) heating and a mixture of helium and diborane (B 2 D 6 ) gasses. The radial profile of boron deposition is measured with a pair of quartz microbalances (QMB) on S . A maximum boron deposition rate of 0.82 g/cm 2 /min is obtained, which corresponds to 3.5 nm/min if the film density is that of solid boron. These deposition rates are sufficient for boron film applications between tokamak discharges. However the deposition does not peak at the EC resonance as previously assumed. Rather, deposition peaks near the upper hybrid (UH) resonance, ~5 cm outboard of the EC resonance. This has implications for RF absorption, with the RF waves being no longer damped on the electrons at the EC resonance. The previously inferred radial locations of critical erosion zones in Alcator C-Mod also need to be reevaluated. The boron deposition profile versus major radius follows the ion flux/density profile, implying that the boron deposition is primarily ionic. The application of a vertical magnetic field (B V ~0.01 T) was found to narrow the plasma density and boron deposition profiles near the UH resonance, thus better localizing the deposition. A Monte Carlo simulation is developed to model the boron deposition on the different QMB/tokamak surfaces. The model requires a relatively high boron ion gyroradius of ~5 mm, indicating a B +1 ion temperature of ~2 eV, to match the deposition on QMB surfaces with different orientation to B T . Additionally, the boron ion trajectories become de-magnetized at high neutral gas throughput (~0.5 Pa m ) and pressure (~2 Pa) when the largest absolute deposition rates are measured, resulting in deposition patterns, which are independent of surface orientation to B T in optimized conditions.

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ICRF wall conditioning and plasma performance on EAST

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Apoptosis study of the macrophage via near-field scanning optical microscope

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Higher resolution helium measuring system for deuterium plasma on EAST tokamak via normal Penning gauge

Higher resolution helium measuring system for deuterium plasma on EAST tokamak via normal Penning gauge

Study and optimization of boronization in Alcator C-Mod using the Surface Science Station (S3)

ICRF wall conditioning and plasma performance on EAST

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