Apparent absorption and retention of nutrients during the postweaning period in sows fed supplemental fat or lysine

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Grandhi, R.R. 2001. Effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless-barley-based diets on pig performance and nitrogen excretion in manure. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: [125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132]. Two experiments were conducted, using a total of 224 (112 barrows + 112 gilts) crossbred pigs, to determine the effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless barley (HB) diets, on pig performance and N excretion in manure. The four experimental grower and finisher diets were 1) a covered-barley (CB) control diet, 2) a HB (cv. Condor) diet, 3) same as diet 2 except that the soybean meal was replaced with supplemental lysine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan, to provide ideal amino acid ratios of 0.65 for threonine to lysine and 0.30 for methionine to lysine, and 4) same as diet 3 with supplemental carbohydrase (Ronozyme™ W) enzyme at 350 g t -1 . All diets were fed ad libitum as pellets with free access to drinking water. The average daily gain (ADG) was not different (P > 0.10) between diets 1 and 2, or among diets 2, 3 and 4 during the grower or finisher periods. The feed conversion efficiency was higher (P < 0.01) for diets 3 and 4 than for diet 2 during the grower period, but it was higher (P < 0.05) only for diet 4 than diet 2 during the finisher and combined grower-finisher periods. Backfat thickness, carcass index and dressing % were not different (P > 0.10) among the diets. The absorption of dry matter (88.9 vs. 83.7%) and energy (87.8 vs. 84.1%) was greater (P < 0.05) for diet 2 than diet 1. The excretion of faecal dry matter was 31.6% lower (P < 0.01) for diet 2 than diet 1 during the finisher period. The N excretion was 22.0% lower in pigs fed diet 3 than diet 2. Ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide concentration in stored manure were not different (P > 0.10) among the diets, but ammonia production was positively correlated with urinary N excretion. These results indicated that feeding HB diets with supplemental amino acids minimises the excretion of both faecal dry matter and N with no adverse effect on the performance of lean-genotype pigs. 3) même ration mais substitution du tourteau de soja par un supplément de lysine, de thréonine, de méthionine et de tryptophane fournissant un ratio idéal d'acides aminés de 0,65 pour la thréonine et de 0,30 pour la méthionine, par rapport à la lysine; 4) même régime qu'en 3) mais avec addition de 350 g de carbohydrase (Ronozyme MD W) par tonne. Les aliments ont été servis à satiété sous forme d'agglomérés et les animaux avaient constamment accès à une source d'eau potable. Le gain de poids quotidien moyen était identique (P > 0,10) pour les régimes 1 et 2 et les régimes 2, 3 et 4 pendant l'engraissement et la finition. L'indice de valorisation des aliments était plus élevé (P < 0,01) pour les régimes 3 et 4 que pour le régime 2 pendant la période de finition et les deux périodes combinées. L'épaisseur du gras dorsal, l'indice de la carcasse et le pourcentage de pertes au parag...

Section: Nutrient Balance Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless-bar ley-based diets on pig performance and nitrogen excretion in manure

Grandhi¹

2001

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“…The metabolism crates used during the finisher period had perforated plastic (Tenderfoot) flooring below which was a removable tray with a plastic lining to collect faeces. The sample collection procedures were similar to those described by Grandhi (1994) and Grandhi and Cliplef (1997). Urine was collected into covered plastic pails containing 60 mL of 38% HCl.…”

Section: Nutrient Balance Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplemental phytase and ideal dietary amino acid ratios in covered and hulless-barley-based diets on pig performance and excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen in manure

Grandhi

2001

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Grandhi, R. R. 2001. Effect of supplemental phytase and ideal dietary amino acid ratios in covered and hulless-barley-based diets on pig performance and excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen in manure. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 115-124. A total of 144 (72 barrows + 72 gilts) crossbred pigs were used to determine the effect of feeding supplemental phytase and ideal dietary amino acid ratios in covered barley (CB) or hulless barley (HB)-based diets on growth performance, carcass quality, and excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen in manure during the grower and finisher periods. The three experimental grower and finisher diets were: 1) control diet (CB or HB) with Ca:P ratios according to National Research Council (NAS-NRC 1988), 2) the same as diet 1 but without added inorganic P, but supplemented with phytase (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) at 500 FTU kg -1 , 3) the same as diet 2 with reduced dietary protein level, and supplemental amino acids lysine, threonine, and methionine to provide ideal dietary amino acid ratios of 0.70 for threonine to lysine and 0.30 for methionine to lysine. All diets were fed as pellets ad libitum in self-feeders with free access to drinking water. The ADG was not different (P > 0.10) between CB and HB or among the treatment diets during the grower, finisher and combined grower-finisher periods. The gain-to-feed ratios were higher (P < 0.01) for HB than for CB diets. They were also higher (P < 0.05) for diet 3 than for diet 1 during the finisher and combined grower-finisher periods. Carcass index and dressing percent were not different (P > 0.10) among the treatment diets. Supplemental phytase decreased (P < 0.05) the excretion of P during both grower and finisher periods. The combination of phytase and dietary ideal amino acid ratios decreased (P < 0.01) the excretion of both P and N. The ammonia and hydrogen sulphide production in stored liquid manure was not different among the diets 1, 2 and 3, and the urinary N excretion was closely related to ammonia production. These results indicate that replacing inorganic P with phytase and lowering the dietary protein level while supplementing amino acids in CB or HB diets can decrease the excretion of P up to 44.0% and N up to 28.0% in manure with no adverse effect on performance of lean genotype pigs. 115-124. On a recouru à 144 porcs hybrides (72 castrats et 72 truies nullipares) pour déterminer les effets d'un supplément de phytase et d'un ratio idéal d'acides aminés dans les rations à base d'orge décortiquée (OD) ou non décortiquée (OND) sur la croissance des animaux, la qualité de la carcasse et l'excrétion de phosphore (P) et d'azote (N) dans le purin pendant l'engraissement et la finition. Les trois régimes expérimentaux utilisés pendant l'engraissement et la finition étaient les suivants : 1) ration témoin (OD ou OND) avec ratio Ca:P conforme aux recommandations du CNRC (1988); 2) même ration sans addition de P minéral mais avec 500 unités de phytase (Novo Nordisk, Danemark) par kg; 3) même ration qu'en 2) mais avec moins grande quantité de pro...

“…The sows were housed in individual metabolism crates for a period of 7 d, 3 d for acclimatization and 4 d for collection of excreta. The feeding and management of the sows in the metabolism stalls and the sample collection procedures were similar to those described previously by Grandhi and Ibrahim (1990) and Grandhi (1994). Foley catheters Ingram & Bell) were inserted into the urinary bladder of sows at the beginnng of the acclimatization period for urine collection.…”

Section: Metabolism Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of selection for lower backfat and dietary pyridoxine levels on reproduction, and nutrient metabolism during the gestation period in Yorkshire and Hampshire sows

Knights

Grandhi

Baidoo³

1998

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Interactive effects of selection for lower backfat and dietary pyridoxine levels on reproduction, and nutrient metabolism during the gestation period in Yorkshire and Hampshire sows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: [167][168][169][170][171][172][173]. Two experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of selection for lower backfat over six generations, and two dietary supplemental pyridoxine levels (1.0 vs. 15.0 ppm) on sow reproductive performance and nutrient metabolism in second-parity Yorkshire and Hampshire sows. Feeding increased pyridoxine at 16.0 vs. 2.6 ppm from day of weaning through gestation did not improve (P > 0.05) the sow reproductive performance in experiment 1 (N = 32) or 2 (N = 66). In exp. 2, feeding increased pyridoxine reduced the weaning to estrus interval (4.6 vs. 5.7 d, P = 0.11). It also increased the average daily apparent retention of nitrogen during gestation in both experiments 1 (17.2 vs. 7.8 g, P = 0.11) and 2 (10.5 vs. 5.0 g, P = 0.10). Sows fed increased pyridoxine had higher (P < 0.01) plasma pyridoxal and pyridoxic acid levels throughout the gestation period. The overall results indicate that increased dietary pyridoxine tended to have a positive influence on sow weaning to estrus interval and nitrogen metabolism, and it also tended to have a positive influence on litter size only in Yorkshire select line of sows.Key words: Breed, line, sows, pyridoxine, reproduction, metabolism Knights, T. E. N., Grandhi, R. R. et Baidoo, S. K. 1998. Effets interactifs de la sélection axée sur l'amincissement du lard dorsal et de l'adjonction de pyridoxine aux aliments sur la reproduction et sur le métabolisme des nutriments durant la phase de gestation chez des truies Yorkshire et Hampshire. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 167-173. eux expériences ont été menées pour établir les effets interactifs d'une sélection axée, durant six générations, sur l'amincissement du lard dorsal et de deux niveaux d'adjonction de pyridoxine dans l'aliment, soit 1,0 et 15,0 ppm, sur les performances de reproduction et sur le métabolisme des nutriments chez des truies Yorkshire et Hampshire de second rang de portée. L'administration de 16 ppm de pyridoxine à partir du jour du sevrage jusqu'à la gestation n'a pas causé d'amélioration statistique significative (P > 0,05) des performances de reproduction chez les truies dans l'expérience 1 (N = 32), ni dans l'expérience 2 (N = 66). Dans l'expérience 2, la dose supérieure de pyridoxine avait pour effet de raccourcir l'intervalle sevrage-retour en chaleurs (4,6 contre 5,7 j, P = 0,11). En outre, elle accroissait la rétention apparente quotidienne moyenne d'azote durant la gestation autant dans l'expérience 1 (17,2 contre 7,8 g, P = 0,11) que dans l'expérience 2 (10,5 contre 5,0 g, P = 0,10). Les truies recevant la dose supérieure de pyridoxine manifestaient des taux plasmatiques plus élevés (P < 0,01) d'acides pyridoxal et pyridoxique durant toute la phase de gestation. De tous ces résultats, il se dégage que l'enrichissement en pyridoxine des aliments a une influenc...