Appetite and Hedonism: Gut Hormones and the Brain

Simpson, Katherine Anne; Bloom, Stephen R.

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.08.001

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 114 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the area postrema (AP) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, which make up the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) are key structures that integrate homeostatic signals from peripheral mediators to inform the forebrain about energy balance. [81][82][83] Additionally, the brainstem includes nuclei such as the pontine para brachial nucleus (PBN) the raphe pallidus (RPa), peri aqueductal gray (PAG), pontine reticular nuclei, and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, which have all been associated with SNS-mediated BAT thermo genesis. 31 These nuclei are part of circuits linking the hypothalamus to the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord (the intermediolateral nucleus; IML) from where the preganglionic neurons of the SNS outflow to BAT originate (Figure 1).…”

Section: Autonomic Regulation Of Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and autonomic determinants of energy homeostasis in obesity

Richard

2015

Nat Rev Endocrinol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity ensues from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that results from gene-environment interactions, which favour a positive energy balance. A society that promotes unhealthy food and encourages sedentary lifestyle (that is, an obesogenic environment) has become a major contributory factor in excess fat deposition in individuals predisposed to obesity. Energy homeostasis relies upon control of energy intake as well as expenditure, which is in part determined by the themogenesis of brown adipose tissue and mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Several areas of the brain that constitute cognitive and autonomic brain systems, which in turn form networks involved in the control of appetite and thermogenesis, also contribute to energy homeostasis. These networks include the dopamine mesolimbic circuit, as well as the opioid, endocannabinoid and melanocortin systems. The activity of these networks is modulated by peripheral factors such as hormones derived from adipose tissue and the gut, which access the brain via the circulation and neuronal signalling pathways to inform the central nervous system about energy balance and nutritional status. In this Review, I focus on the determinants of energy homeostasis that have emerged as prominent factors relevant to obesity.

show abstract

Section: Autonomic Regulation Of Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and autonomic determinants of energy homeostasis in obesity

Richard

2015

Nat Rev Endocrinol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They for instance convey homeostatic signals between the hypothalamus and appetitive rostral forebrain systems (Gautron et al, 2015; Richard, 2015; Caron and Richard, 2017). The brainstem comprises the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), which includes interconnected neurons found in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), area postrema (AP), and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (Blevins and Baskin, 2010; Schwartz, 2010; Simpson and Bloom, 2010). Other brainstem structures including the pontine parabrachial nucleus (PBN), raphe pallidus (RPa), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus have been associated with SNS-mediated non-shivering thermogenesis, by mainly conveying information from the hypothalamus to the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) (Morrison and Nakamura, 2011).…”

Section: Autonomic Regulation Of Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Signaling Pathway in Arcuate Feeding-Related Neurons: Role of the Acbd7

Lanfray

Richard

2017

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The understanding of the mechanisms whereby energy balance is regulated is essential to the unraveling of the pathophysiology of obesity. In the last three decades, focus was put on the metabolic role played by the hypothalamic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) and the neurons co-localizing agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These neurons are part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway, whose role is key in energy balance regulation. More recently, the metabolic involvement of further hypothalamic uncharacterized neuron populations has been suggested. In this review, we discuss the potential homeostatic implication of hypothalamic GABAergic neurons that produce Acyl-Coa-binding domain containing protein 7 (ACBD7), precursor of the nonadecaneuropeptide (NDN), which has recently been characterized as a potent anorexigenic neuropeptide capable of relaying the leptin anorectic/thermogenic effect via the melanocortin system.

show abstract

“…There is, however, little direct evidence that satiation per se conditions food preferences, and satiation may actually reduce the reward value of food (Rolls, 2006; Simpson & Bloom, 2010). In a test of the satiety-reward hypothesis, Van Vort and Smith (1983) trained rats fitted with a gastric cannula to “real-feed” and “sham-feed” different flavored milk diets; in sham-feeding, ingested liquid diets drain out the open gastric cannula and provide no nutrition or postoral satiation.…”

Section: Appetition Vs Satiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut–brain nutrient signaling. Appetition vs. satiation

Sclafani¹

2013

Appetite

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiple hormonal and neural signals are generated by ingested nutrients that limit meal size and suppress postmeal eating. However, the availability of sugar-rich and fat-rich foods can override these satiation/satiety signals and lead to overeating and obesity. The palatable flavor of these foods is one factor that promotes overeating, but sugar and fat also have postoral actions that can stimulate eating and increase food preferences. This is revealed in conditioning studies in which rodents consume flavored solutions paired with intragastric sugar or fat infusions. The significant flavor preferences and increased intake produced by the nutrient infusions appear to involve stimulatory gut-brain signals, referred to here as appetition signals, that are distinct from the satiation signals that suppress feeding. Newly developed rapid conditioning protocols may facilitate the study of postoral appetition processes.

show abstract

Appetite and Hedonism: Gut Hormones and the Brain

Cited by 19 publications

References 114 publications

Cognitive and autonomic determinants of energy homeostasis in obesity

Cognitive and autonomic determinants of energy homeostasis in obesity

Emerging Signaling Pathway in Arcuate Feeding-Related Neurons: Role of the Acbd7

Gut–brain nutrient signaling. Appetition vs. satiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About