Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) and their Pharmacological Approach towards Alzheimer’s Disease (AD): A Review

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological degenerative condition described by a progressive decline in memory and associated with dementia. This disease arises usually after 65 years in individuals. Oxidative stress is the major cause of dementia connected with Alzheimer's disease. Here there is an imbalance between the creation and clearance of amyloid β protein, which leads to accumulation of amyloid β plaque in the brain and produces neuronal cell death. Anti-Alzheimer's medications help to cover the symptoms of disease but do not cure the cause of disease. Confirmatory studies suggest that a healthy diet of fruits and green vegetables containing phenolic combinations may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apple cider vinegar (ACV) contains phenolic compounds like catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acids and p-coumaric acid having high antioxidant potential. Phenolic compounds are not essential for survival but it can protect against various chronic diseases. Various researches showed that phenolic compounds cure β amyloid and tau protein correlated problems associated with AD. Regular consumption of these healthy substances in the diet may prevent the neuronal cells from oxidative stress which leads to AD. The purpose of this review is to highlight the health benefit role, functional property and therapeutic uses of Apple Cider Vinegar.

Apple Fermented Products: An Overview of Technology, Properties and Health Effects

“…Apple cider vinegar is another apple fermented product that has polyphenolic compounds like catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acids and p-coumaric acid [161].…”

“…Apple cider vinegar is another apple fermented product that has polyphenolic compounds like catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acids and p-coumaric acid [161]. The key aroma components present in ten ciders from Shaanxi (China) Fuji apple (average parameters: alcohol: 11.3 vol.%; residual sugar: 3.5 g/L; total acidity: 5.7 g/L; volatile acidity: 0.7 g/L; pH: 3.5), processed with different yeasts, technological methods and apple orchards, were ethyl acetate, acetic acid isobutylester, isopentylacohol acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl 4-hydroxybutanoate, isopentylalcohol, 3,4,5-trimethyl-4-heptanol, nonyl alcohol, 3-methylthio-1-propanol (four esters, four alcohols, and one acid), contributing for 85.61% of the total variance in cider aroma components [140].…”

Health Promoting Properties of Cereal Vinegars

“…[ 146 ], on which cereal vinegars have been shown to have positive effects. However, targeted research studies regarding the mechanism of this effect are limited and mainly focus on apple cider vinegar [ 147 , 148 ]. For example, concentrated KuV or Kurosu moromimatsu were evaluated regarding their potential in ameliorating cognitive dysfunction in the senescence-accelerated P8 mice [ 149 ].…”

Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Apple Vinegar of Different Cultivars

“…Apple vinegar provides several pharmacological effects, for instance, antidiabetic effect [ 4 – 6 ], anti-Alzheimer effect [ 7 ], and antioxidant properties [ 2 ]. In addition, the administration of apple vinegar controls body weight gain and enhances glucose tolerance [ 8 ].…”