Apple Replant Disease: Causes and Mitigation Strategies

Winkelmann, Traud; Smalla, Kornelia; Amelung, Wulf; Baab, Gerhard; Grunewaldt-Stöcker, Gisela; Kanfra, Xorla; Meyhöfer, Rainer; Reim, Stefanie; Schmitz, Michaela; Vetterlein, Doris; Wrede, Andreas; Zühlke, Sebastian; Grunewaldt, J.; Weiß, Stefan; Schloter, Michael

doi:10.21775/9781912530007.06

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, in the apple rhizosphere, efforts to manipulate the soil microbiome to treat apple replant disease have shown that directed changes to the resource environment (e.g. through selective soil amendments) are more successful at controlling disease than inoculations with single strains or simple consortia of bene cial microbes [44][45][46]. Research designed to identify, quantify, and elucidate the metabolic networks constructed by microbial populations on harvested fruit is a fundamental need.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Analysis of the Apple Fruit Microbiome: Are All Apples the Same?

Abdelfattah

Freilich

Bartuv

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Apple is one of the most highly consumed fruits worldwide and is the largest fruit crop produced in temperate regions. Fruit quality, safety and long-term storage are issues that are important to growers, distributors, and consumers. We present the first worldwide study on the apple fruit microbiome that examines questions regarding the composition and the assembly of microbial communities on and in apple fruit. Results: Results revealed that the composition and structure of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with ‘Royal Gala’ apple fruit at harvest maturity vary and are highly dependent on geographical location. The study also confirmed that the spatial variation in the fungal and bacterial composition of different fruit tissues exists at a global level. Fungal diversity varied significantly in fruit harvested in different geographical locations and suggest a potential link between location and the type and rate of postharvest diseases that develop in each country. Although the geography, climatic conditions, and management practices may have a significant impact on the composition of fruit microbial communities, we were able to identify a 'core' microbiome that is shared in fruit across the globe. Conclusions: Results of this study provide foundational information about the apple fruit microbiome that can be utilized for the development of novel approaches for the management of fruit quality and safety, as well as for reducing losses due to the establishment and proliferation of postharvest pathogens. It also lays the groundwork for studying the complex microbial interactions that occur on apple fruit surfaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Analysis of the Apple Fruit Microbiome: Are All Apples the Same?

Abdelfattah

Freilich

Bartuv

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Although pruning and grafting are currently recognized as effective methods for the rejuvenation of aged orchards in the short term, the decreasing soil quality around the roots in aged orchards is no longer suitable for root growth and maintaining a large output of fruit trees (Zhang et al, 2017). Furthermore, the renewal of aged orchards is time-and cost-consuming, but also causes problems, such as apple replant disease, as a result of poor soil conditions (Winkelmann et al, 2019). Therefore, soil improvement is the primary and most important method for the transformation of aged orchards.…”

Section: Effects Of Biofertilizer On the Aged Apple Orchardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil biochemical properties and microbial composition in aged and non‐aged apple (Malus domestica) orchards in Luochuan County, Loess Plateau, China

Tian

Sun

et al. 2020

Soil Use and Management

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Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), belonging to the Rosaceae family, is one of the most popular fruits worldwide because it is rich in fibre, antioxidants and phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on human health (Igarashi et al., 2016). According to FAOSTAT, the global production of apples was approximately 86.14 million tons in 2018 (http://www. fao.org/faost at/en/#data/QC), of which China produced approximately 39.23 million tons (https://data.stats.gov.cn/ easyq uery.htm?cn=C01), making it the world's largest apple producer. Luochuan County, located in Shaanxi Province, which is the largest apple producer in Loess Plateau production regions, is said to be one of the best areas suitable for

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“…The effect is known as apple replant disease (ARD) [1,2]. The term refers to the harmfully disturbed physiological and morphological reaction of apple plants to soils linked to the frequency of replant, amongst others (e.g., tree nurseries have a higher probability to be affected by ARD as compared to permanent plantations) [3]. The current understanding in research is that ARD cannot be explained by a direct single cause or deficit, neither biologically nor physically nor environmentally determined by the plant-soil-climate related ecosystem of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current understanding in research is that ARD cannot be explained by a direct single cause or deficit, neither biologically nor physically nor environmentally determined by the plant-soil-climate related ecosystem of the plant. More probably, it is related to a range of soil biotic factors which are regulated by abiotic factors [2,3], and it is therefore highly complex and site-specific. Above all, ARD is difficult to diagnose and overcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Agro-Ecological Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Management Strategies: Organic Fertilisation and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria

Cavael

Lentzsch

Schwärzel³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Apple replant disease (ARD) impacts the economic yield of orchards by physiological and morphological suppression of apple trees on replanted soils. The complexity of replant disease caused by a plethora of biological interactions and physical properties of the soil requires complex management strategies to mitigate these effects. Based on expert recommendations, we selected two management strategies linked to agroecological principles of (a) organic fertilisation with a specific mulch composition (MDK) and (b) biofertilisation with arbuscular mycorrhizal and bacterial strains (AMFbac), applied by a composition of existing products. For both management strategies we provide a proof-of-concept, by pot and field experiments. Both treatments have the potential to mitigate ARD effects on plant vigour. ARD effect was fully mitigated by MDK treatment in the short-term (one year) and was mitigated by up to 29% after seven years of MDK treatment (long-term). MDK provides an additional substrate for root growth. AMFbac has the potential to mitigate ARD effects on plant vigour but with non-replicable plant-beneficial effects in its current form of application. Thereby our results show a principal potential to mitigate economic effects but not to overcome replant disease inducing effects. While the MDK treatment is found resource intensive but reliable, the AMFbac treatment was found more user-friendly.

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Apple Replant Disease: Causes and Mitigation Strategies

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Global Analysis of the Apple Fruit Microbiome: Are All Apples the Same?

Global Analysis of the Apple Fruit Microbiome: Are All Apples the Same?

Soil biochemical properties and microbial composition in aged and non‐aged apple (Malus domestica) orchards in Luochuan County, Loess Plateau, China

Assessment of Agro-Ecological Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Management Strategies: Organic Fertilisation and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria

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