Applicability of Nanoparticles-Hydrogel Composite in Treating Periodontal Diseases and Beyond

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs)-hydrogel composite (nanogels) have yielded a surge in the design and development of novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of many ailments, including periodontal disease. The recent innovations in nanotechnological drug carrier systems seem promising, as it provides a means to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, formulations of controlled and targeted drug delivery systems, and drug release control based on the stimuli response, among others. Several polymeric NPs-hydrogel coformulations have been investigated during the last few years, mostly using synthetic and natural polymers. Some of the results and rewards achieved from these novel approaches are the use of bioadhesive polymers to achieve prolonged drug release, the increment of intra-pocket drug penetration, the enhancement of mechanical properties using chemical crosslinkers, and the possibility of loading multiple drugs in a unit delivery system. Furthermore, these nanotechnological advances have also shown that NPs possess great potential as drug carriers in periodontal disease treatment. The future utilization of these advantages will significantly improve dental care. The coformulation of NPs-hydrogel composite will yield additional benefits that are much greater than ordinary NPs or hydrogels in delivering of drug into the periodontal pockets. The aim of this review article is to summarize updates on the current and future nanotechnological approaches that are being investigated for the treatment of periodontitis, with particular attention to the nanogels, and to identify arenas which its exploration might lead to the development of effective intra-pocket drug delivery systems for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The review also provides brief applications of nanogels in the management of other diseases.

Historic Review on Modern Herbal Nanogel Formulation and Delivery Methods

“…Nanogel facilitates in designing the delivery system responding to the external stimuli factor that controls the drug release rate at the site of action. This enables the herbal drugs to play a multi-functional role by increasing its efficiency [67,68].…”

Chitosan Derivatives in Macromolecular Co-assembly Nanogels with Potential for Biomedical Applications

“…In this regard, nanogels as drug carriers have been extensively investigated over the years utilizing many materials and synthesis techniques as they are the most versatile nanocarriers, having distinctive capacity of combining the characteristics of three-dimensional hydrogel materials with the ones of nanoparticles . In drug encapsulation, nanogels are generally used to reduce the inflammatory response of the organism to improve biodistribution, bioavailability, and circulation lifetime of the carried drugs …”

“…In this regard, nanogels as drug carriers have been extensively investigated over the years utilizing many materials and synthesis techniques 1 as they are the most versatile nanocarriers, having distinctive capacity of combining the characteristics of three-dimensional hydrogel materials with the ones of nanoparticles. 2 In drug encapsulation, nanogels are generally used to reduce the inflammatory response of the organism to improve biodistribution, bioavailability, and circulation lifetime of the carried drugs. 3 One of the main categories of drugs that are currently in urgent need for alternative approaches to increase bioavailability and lower toxicity often associated with frequent dosing are the antibiotics utilized in the treatment of bacterial infections.…”

Development and Validation of a Stability-indicating HPLC-UV Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Flurbiprofen and Triclosan in Dental Nanogel Formulations

“…1 Dentistry is not left out in this pace of development as there are various drug combination therapies that have proved promising for the treatment of dental diseases. 2,3 Advances in nanotechnology-based delivery systems such as nanoparticles (NPs) and nanogels (NGs) have enabled more efficient delivery of a myriad of drugs to the desired site of action. 3 A suitable formulation of FLB (analgesic, anti-inflammatory) and TCS (broad-spectrum antimicrobial) combination would be highly desirable for periodontal therapy, owing to the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs.…”