Applicability of Ozone and Biological Activated Carbon for Potable Reuse

Predicting trace organic compound attenuation by ozone oxidation: Development of indicator and surrogate models

“…With burgeoning population, this dynamic alteration of the water cycle has caused increased pressure around the world to secure reliable and dependable drinking water resources (Park et al, 2013;Shannon et al, 2008). Recently, potable water reuse has gained attention throughout the world as a drought-proof source (Gerrity et al, 2014). In particular, semi-arid or arid areas with intense water scarcity such as Australia, Singapore and Southern USA (including Arizona, California, Florida and Texas) currently practice potable water reuse applications (Angelakis and Gikas, 2014).…”

Effect of Media on Biofilter Performance Following Ozonation of Secondary Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluent: Sand vs. GAC

“…Similar results have previously been reported for municipal wastewater receiving advanced treatment by Reungoat et al (2011), who observed a higher reduction in baseline toxicity using the bioluminescence inhibition test with Vibrio fischeri after BAC biofiltration (68 ± 17%) as compared to after sand biofiltration (9 ± 30%). In combination with the current study's finding that the BAC biofilter significantly removed genotoxicity still present after ozonation, studies indicating that BAC biofiltration (like sand biofiltration) can remove carcinogenic NDMA produced during ozonation (Gerrity et al 2014) further demonstrate its effectiveness in polishing ozonated wastewater.…”

“…The process can be designed to achieve both CEC oxidation and typical disinfection targets used in North America (Singh et al 2012a,b). The major uncertainty with ozonation is the toxicity of transformation products (TPs) formed (Gerrity et al 2014) since little mineralization of organic carbon is expected Rittmann et al 2002), and whether or not these TPs are of more concern than their parent compounds (Joss et al 2008). Some studies have attempted to answer this question by examining the toxicity or structural transformation of TPs formed from ozonation of specific CECs.…”

Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants

“…During the disinfection with ozone, the formation of organic (e.g., aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and ketones) and inorganic (e.g., bromate) disinfection by-products has been well documented [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Ozone does not cause the formation of chlorinated by-products such as trihalomethane, but recent studies indicate that ozone induce the formation of NDMA [54][55][56].…”