Application and Importance of Theranostics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

Jeyamogan, Shareni; Khan, Naveed Ahmed; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.016

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Developing agents with theranostics properties, both therapy and imaging, will improve early cancer detection and overall cancer management. The importance of theranostic agents in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer has been recently reviewed [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Since the widely used contrast agent, gadolinium, presents various side effects, we aimed to develop theranostic agents by doping CDs-NHF with ions that present lower toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

et al. 2021

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Background: Theranostics, a novel concept in medicine, is based on the use of an agent for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials provide promising novel approaches to theranostics. Carbon Dots have been shown to exhibit anti-tumoral properties in various cancer models. The aim of the present study is to develop gadolinium, Fe3+, and Mn2+-doped N-hydroxyphthalimide-derived Carbon Dots. The resulted doped Carbon Dots should preserve the anti-tumoral properties while gaining magnetic resonance imaging properties. Methods: Normal and cancer cell lines have been treated with doped Carbon Dots, and the cell viability has been measured. The doped Carbon Dots that exhibited the most prominent anti-tumoral effect accompanied by the lowest toxicity have been further in vivo tested. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluates both in vitro and in vivo the possibility of using doped Carbon Dots as a contrast agent. Results: According to the results obtained from both the in vitro and in vivo experimental models used in our study, Mn2+-doped Carbon Dots (Mn-CDs-NHF) exhibit anti-tumoral properties, do not significantly impair the cell viability of normal cells, and reduce lung metastasis and the volume of mammary primary tumors while allowing magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: Our findings prove that Mn-CDs-NHF can be used as theranostics agents in pre-clinical models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

et al. 2021

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“…vermiformis and Acanthamoeba (Anwar et al, 2018). Theranostics is an innovative methodology that has opened avenues for synchronized and specific diagnosis combined with treatment modalities and has been utilized for cancer patients, albeit it is still in the early developmental phase (Jeyamogan et al, 2021). For example, an amalgamation of quantum dots and radioisotopes have been described to augment more accurate and sensitive detection of malignant cells.…”

Section: Theranostics As An Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an amalgamation of quantum dots and radioisotopes have been described to augment more accurate and sensitive detection of malignant cells. In particular, liposomes, quantum dots, radio‐labeled isotopes, and plasmonic nanobubbles combined with therapeutics or anticancer molecules as well as imaging instruments are in clinical trial stages as theranostic agents for cancer patients (Jeyamogan et al, 2021). Several reports have shown that nanoparticles conjugated with various compounds exhibit potent activities against the free‐living amoebae Naegleria fowleri , Balamuthia mandrillaris , and Acanthamoeba castellanii (Anwar et al, 2019; Anwar et al, 2020; Rajendran et al, 2017).…”

Section: Theranostics As An Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increasing importance of Vermamoebavermiformis

Siddiqui

Makhlouf

Khan

2021

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Vermamoeba vermiformis are one of the most prevalent free‐living amoebae. These amoebae are ubiquitous and also thermotolerant. Of concern, V. vermiformis have been found in hospital water networks. Furthermore, associations between V. vermiformis and pathogenic bacteria have been reported, such as Legionella pneumophila. Moreover, V. vermiformis are well known to host viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms and cases of keratitis due to V. vermiformis in conjunction with other amoebae have been reported. Despite the preceding, the medical importance of V. vermiformis is still an ongoing discussion and its genome has been only recently sequenced. Herein, we present a review of the current understanding of the biology and pathogenesis pertaining to V. vermiformis, as well as its’ role as an etiological agent and trojan horse. An approach known as theranostics which combines both diagnosis and therapy could be utilized to eradicate and diagnose keratitis cases caused by such amoebae. Given the rise in global warming, it is imperative to investigate these rarely studied amoebae and to understand their importance in human health.

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“…Instead of utilizing two different materials for both purposes, theranostics uses a single probe combing two features into one platform ( Figure 6 ) [ 121 ]. This dual property allows recognition of the specific disease, understanding the cellular phenotype, and provides immediately targeted treatment to monitor and observe its efficacy [ 122 , 123 ]. Therefore, most direct targets in oncology of this method include antigens and receptors expressed specifically by certain tumor cells (e.g., insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor—IGF1R; epidermal growth factor receptor—EGFR; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2—HER2), elements of the tumor microenvironment as well as altered cell metabolism or hypoxia, and extracellular acidosis caused by abnormal vasculature.…”

Section: Theranosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives for Eye-Sparing Treatment Strategies in Primary Uveal Melanoma

Bilmin

Synoradzki

Czarnecka

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignancy and arises from melanocytes in the choroid, ciliary body, or iris. The current eye-sparing treatment options include surgical treatment, plaque brachytherapy, proton beam radiotherapy, stereotactic photon radiotherapy, or photodynamic therapy. However, the efficacy of these methods is still unsatisfactory. This article reviews several possible new treatment options and their potential advantages in treating localized uveal melanoma. These methods may be based on the physical destruction of the cancerous cells by applying ultrasounds. Two examples of such an approach are High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)—a promising technology of thermal destruction of solid tumors located deep under the skin and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) that induces reactive oxygen species. Another approach may be based on improving the penetration of anti-cancer agents into UM cells. The most promising technologies from this group are based on enhancing drug delivery by applying electric current. One such approach is called transcorneal iontophoresis and has already been shown to increase the local concentration of several different therapeutics. Another technique, electrically enhanced chemotherapy, may promote drug delivery from the intercellular space to cells. Finally, new advanced nanoparticles are developed to combine diagnostic imaging and therapy (i.e., theranostics). However, these methods are mostly at an early stage of development. More advanced and targeted preclinical studies and clinical trials would be needed to introduce some of these techniques to routine clinical practice.

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Application and Importance of Theranostics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

Cited by 45 publications

References 70 publications

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

Manganese-Doped N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Derived Carbon Dots—Theranostics Applications in Experimental Breast Cancer Models

The increasing importance of Vermamoebavermiformis

New Perspectives for Eye-Sparing Treatment Strategies in Primary Uveal Melanoma

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