Application of a Low Cost Ceramic Filter for Recycling Sand Filter Backwash Water

Shafiquzzaman, Md.; Al-Mahmud, Abdullah; AlSaleem, Saleem S.; Haider, Husnain

doi:10.3390/w10020150

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…At this range of pressure, filtration was completed without backwashing as the flux did not decline during the operation. Although long-term clogging behavior was not investigated, it can be assumed that this ceramic filtration can continuously operate for longer durations without being clogged [35]. A continuous aeration was performed in the filtration tank to prevent the irreversible fouling of the filter which further improved the antifouling ability of the filter.…”

Section: Permeate Flux and Pressure Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A continuous aeration was performed in the filtration tank to prevent the irreversible fouling of the filter which further improved the antifouling ability of the filter. Nevertheless, it is recommended to clean the filter on a regular basis using a soft brush, instead of a conventional backwash process to avoid clogging [35]. The ceramic filter had a comparative flux with respect to recently studied UF and MF filtration techniques achieving 60-265 L/h-m 2 for MF and 80-220 L/h-m 2 for UF [46].…”

Section: Permeate Flux and Pressure Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ceramic filtration system consumes low energy due to the requirements of low pressure (3.2 KPa), eventually giving low operating cost. The ceramic filter also does not require highly skilled operators as a very simple and effective cleaning procedure using a soft brush is recommended instead of a conventional backwash process [32,34,35]. Although other LID technologies require low maintenance and operating costs, a ceramic filter would be more feasible for arid and semi-arid regions with low amount of annual precipitation as the filtration system can be operated intermittently based on the availability of the rainwater.…”

Section: Prospects and Application Of Ceramic Filter For Stormwater Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High cost and frequent fouling of membrane are likely to be the key drawbacks in applying commercial MF or UF for stormwater treatment in developing countries. Hence, there is a dire need to develop low-energy and cost-effective stormwater treatment technologies in arid and semi-arid regions that can reduce the variety of contaminants from stormwater.Recently, a low-cost ceramic micro filter, made of clay soil and rice bran, was developed and tested for the treatment of arsenic contaminated groundwater, domestic wastewater, domestic greywater, and sand filter backwash water [32][33][34][35]. Study conducted by Hassan et al [32] showed that a micro-porous ceramic filter together with a zero valent iron netting was highly effective for removal of arsenic and iron from the groundwater and could be a cost-effective treatment technology for arsenic contaminated regions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other studies, this ceramic filter removed more than 90% organics from domestic wastewater and greywater [32,34]. The same filter, combined with the coagulation and flocculation processes, was tested for treating sand filter backwash water and produced high-quality recyclable water [35].The suitability of this filter for stormwater treatment has not been evaluated so far, which was the primary motivation for this research. The characteristics of stormwater significantly differ from both…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

Shafiquzzaman

Haider

Ghazaw

et al. 2020

Water

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Sustainable reuse of urban stormwater is inevitable in the fight against water crises in arid regions. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost ceramic filtration process for reuse applications of urban stormwater. Stormwater was collected from a storage pond located in Buraydah (Qassim, Saudi Arabia) for laboratory experiments. The filtration tests were performed in a continuous mode with constant pressure using a low-cost ceramic filter made of clay soil and rice bran. The removal rates of the contaminants (heavy metals) as well as the turbidity, suspended solids, and nutrients of the stormwater were assessed. High removal efficiencies for turbidity (97.4%), suspended solids (97.0%), BOD 5 (78.4%), and COD (76.1%) were achieved while low removals were achieved for the nutrients: 19.7% for total nitrogen, 25.3% for nitrate, and 8.6% for phosphate. Removal efficiencies ranged between 36.2% and 99.9% for the heavy metals, i.e., iron, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, selenium, and barium. Contaminant removal rates observed for the ceramic filter were also compared with the alum coagulation process operated in a continuous mode at an optimum alum dose of 50 mg/L. Similar removal behaviors for removal of turbidity, suspended solids, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals suggested that both ceramic filtration and alum coagulation can be effectively used for stormwater treatment. Effluent qualities of both the ceramic filter and alum coagulation met the standards, for recycling/reuse of wastewater, set by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and World Health Organization for unrestricted irrigation and toilet flushing. The study results revealed that ceramic filtration is a low-cost, energy efficient, and easy to maintain technology which can be complimentary to best management practices for stormwater.Urban stormwater runoff transports a wide range of pollutants (generated by anthropogenic and biogenic activities) into the receiving water bodies (i.e., retention ponds and natural drains) that exceed the maximum contamination limits set for recycling as well as groundwater recharge. Stormwater runoff can be polluted by organics, nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, hydrocarbons, oils, and heavy metals originating from fertilizers, automobile emissions, agriculture, soil erosion, yard waste, and detergents [4][5][6]. Moreover, stormwater can be contaminated by intrusion of emerging pollutants from cross-contamination or overflows of municipal sewers [7,8].Physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of stormwater usually do not comply with the desired water quality standards either for non-potable water applications or artificial groundwater recharge [9][10][11]. Several low-impact design (LID) technologies including bioswales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, and media filters have been employed for stormwater management [12][13][14]. Some of the LID techniques such as bioswales, constructed wetlands, and vegetated filter strips simulate the use of natural sys...

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Section: Permeate Flux and Pressure Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Permeate Flux and Pressure Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospects and Application Of Ceramic Filter For Stormwater Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

Shafiquzzaman

Haider

Ghazaw

et al. 2020

Water

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Physico‐chemical processes

Ouyang

Chen

Shi

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

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The review scans research articles published in 2018 on physico‐chemical processes for water and wastewater treatment. The paper includes eight sections, that is, membrane technology, granular filtration, flotation, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, capacitive deionization, ion exchange, and oxidation. The membrane technology section further divides into six parts, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis/forward osmosis, and membrane distillation.Practitioner points Totally 266 articles on water and wastewater treatment have been scanned; The review is sectioned into 8 major parts; Membrane technology has drawn the widest attention from the research community.

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