Application of a marker of ciliated epithelial cells to gynaecological pathology.

Abstract

Background-The assessment of neoplastic disease in gynaecological histopathology can be complicated by the high incidence of metaplasia seen in tissues of the female genital tract. There is a need to identify specific tissue markers which can be applied in routine histopathological practice. Aim-To examine the clinical potential of a monoclonal antibody, LhS28, which reacts with basal bodies of ciliated epithelial cells. Methods-A panel of normal and pathological gynaecological tissues was processed and labelled with LhS28. Results-LhS28 immunoreactivity was found in the normal Fallopian tube where it was confined to ciliated rather than secretory epithelial cells. In the remaining specimens, LhS28 was associated exclusively with ciliated cells in tubal metaplasias of the cervix and endometrium and in benign serous lined inclusion cysts. Conclusions-LhS28 may be a valuable marker for identifying metaplasia of tubal type and may find application in distinguishing tubal metaplasia from low grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia. (J Clin Pathol 1999;52:355-357)

A candidate precursor to serous carcinoma that originates in the distal fallopian tube

“…This finding, coupled with the localization of γ‐H2AX, suggests that p53 signatures are initiated by DNA damage (Figure 4) 24, 26. DNA strand breakage can arise during DNA replication, ionizing radiation, and after exposure to a wide range of DNA‐altering agents 36.…”

“…Virtually all p53 signatures exceeded this threshold by a few to hundreds of cells. A marker of proliferation (MIB1 corresponding to Ki‐67; M7240; DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA) was used to determine the proliferative activity of p53 signatures and to distinguish them from TICs, which are highly proliferative 22. A positive score for MIB1 required intense nuclear staining in over 80% of the nuclei in at least a portion of a given p53 signature 15. Selected cases were analysed further for antibodies to localize the following proteins: Antibodies to biomarkers distinguishing ciliated (p73, LhS28) from secretory (HMFG2) cell phenotypes (McKeon F, unpublished data) were used to determine if p53 signatures shared the same cell phenotype as TIC 23, 24. Staining for γ‐H2AX, the phosphorylated form of the core histone H2AX that localizes to the vicinity of, and is recognized as a marker for, double‐stranded DNA breakage (Upstate Cell Signaling Solution, Charlottesville, VA, USA; monoclonal JBW301, 1 : 200) was compared between p53 signatures and TICs. H2AX is phosphorylated by the ATM kinase at a unique serine residue (S139) in its C ‐terminus at sites of DNA double‐strand breaks 25–27.…”

“…Selected cases were analysed further for antibodies to localize the following proteins: Antibodies to biomarkers distinguishing ciliated (p73, LhS28) from secretory (HMFG2) cell phenotypes (McKeon F, unpublished data) were used to determine if p53 signatures shared the same cell phenotype as TIC 23, 24. Staining for γ‐H2AX, the phosphorylated form of the core histone H2AX that localizes to the vicinity of, and is recognized as a marker for, double‐stranded DNA breakage (Upstate Cell Signaling Solution, Charlottesville, VA, USA; monoclonal JBW301, 1 : 200) was compared between p53 signatures and TICs. H2AX is phosphorylated by the ATM kinase at a unique serine residue (S139) in its C ‐terminus at sites of DNA double‐strand breaks 25–27.…”

“…Antibodies to biomarkers distinguishing ciliated (p73, LhS28) from secretory (HMFG2) cell phenotypes (McKeon F, unpublished data) were used to determine if p53 signatures shared the same cell phenotype as TIC 23, 24.…”

BCL2 and Keratin 5 Define the Uterine-Cervix-Isthmus Junction, a Transition Between Endocervical and Tubal-Like Epithelium

“…The most extensive description states that the transition zone between the cervix and the lower uterine segment is often indicated by glands lined by tubal ciliated and nonciliated epithelium (20). Hendrickson et al (21) describe the ciliated epithelium lining the endometrial surface, but do not explicitly describe the transition from endocervix to endometrium [see also references (22,23)]. …”