Application of a multilayer physical model for the critical analysis of the adsorption of nicotinamide and propranolol on magnetic-activated carbon

Remediation of hexavalent chromium and pharmaceuticals from aquatic environments by employing an oxygen-doped porous carbon adsorbent and its antifungal activity

“…The activators have a significant impact on the porosity and functionality of activated carbons. In previously reported literature, various adsorbent materials, including activated carbon functionalized with graphene oxide, 39 Fe 0 -loaded activated carbon, 40 manganese oxide OMS-2 loaded on activated carbon, 41 magnetic-activated, 42 and jack fruit peel 43 were deployed for the remediation of a wide range of pharmaceutical compounds from the aquatic system.…”

Enhanced adsorption of ketoprofen and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactic acid on Physalis peruviana fruit residue functionalized with H2SO4: Adsorption properties and statistical physics modeling

“…ΔE 2 was the energy related to the interactions between the adsorbate molecules to form the additional adsorbed molecules layers (N 2 ). As a result, this model defines the equilibrium adsorbed quantity as a function of the concentration of these adsorbates as follows [12][13][14][15]. This model includes the next parameters:the number of molecules adsorbed per biomass binding site (n m ), the density of biomass binding sites (S M ) and two half-saturation concentrations (i.e., C 1 related to the first formed adsorbate layer, C 2 associated to the formation of subsequent N 2 adsorbate layers).…”

“…It could be expected that the adsorption of these organic molecules implied the formation of 3-5 layers on biomass surface. For illustration, the percentages of formation of three and four layers of KTP molecules on the adsorbent surface at 298 K (where N T = 3.07) were estimated using the next equation: N T = 3.07 = z × 3+ (1-z) × 4 where z refers to the percentage of KTP molecules that formed three layers and (1-z) represents the adsorbed molecules corresponding to four layers, respectively [12,13]. Hence, it was estimated that 93% of KTP molecules adsorbed on the biomass surface forming three layers, and the remaining one corresponded to four layers.…”

“…ITM model can also estimate the energy of the interactions between these organic molecules and the biomass surface and the interactions between the adsorbed molecules. These interaction energies can be obtained with the next expressions [12,13]:…”

Defect-Rich Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Removal of Micropollutants from Water

“…The latter is widely employed to investigate the removal of contaminants since it is a straightforward, rapid, and effective method. − Various adsorbent materials, including polymers, carbon nanotubes, clay, biomass, zeolites, and activated carbon have been developed for this purpose. Nevertheless, most of these materials suffer from poor selectivity, recyclability, and low adsorption capacities. − …”