“…As shown in Fig. 3, trialkoxysilanes with hydrophobic organic moieties, such as N-octadecyldimethyl [3-(trimethoxy silyl)propyl]ammonium chloride [23], n-octyltriethoxysilane (C8-TES) [32][33][34][35], phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) [36][37][38], propyltrimethoxysilane (C3-TMS) [39], MTMS [40][41][42][43][44], and other trialkoxysilanes with active organic functionalities, such as aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) [45][46][47][48][49], N-(-aminoethyl)-␥-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane [50], N-(-aminoethyl)-␥-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane [51], 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane [52], 3-mercaptopropyltrime thoxysilane (MPTMS) [53], N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,Ntrimethylammonium chloride [54], allyl-trimethoxysilane [ 55,56], and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) [57] have been selected as coprecursors with tetraalkoxysilanes, TMOS, or TEOS. Additionally, bridged silanes such as 1,4-bis(triethoxysily1)benzene [58] have also been used for preparation of hybrid monoliths.…”