“…Although aggregates, which are a type of rigid material, account for approximately 90% of all components within the asphalt mixtures, such mixtures exhibit complex rheological properties. Asphalt mixtures exhibit both viscous (fluid) and elastic (solid) behavior [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], and their mechanical properties are highly dependent on temperature, loading stress level, loading time, and loading speed [ 4 , 5 ]. The theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical behaviors of asphalt mixtures provide a crucial basis for designing pavement layers [ 6 , 7 ].…”