Application of a Novel Phage LPSEYT for Biological Control of Salmonella in Foods

Abstract

Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne diseases, and in recent years, many isolates have exhibited a high level of antibiotic resistance, which has led to huge pressures on public health. Phages are a promising strategy to control food-borne pathogens. In this study, one of our environmental phage isolates, LPSEYT, was to be able to restrict the growth of zoonotic Salmonella enterica in vitro over a range of multiplicity of infections. Phage LPSEYT exhibited wide-ranging pH and thermal stability and rapid reproductive activity with a short latent period and a large burst size. Phage LPSEYT demonstrated potential efficiency as a biological control agent against Salmonella in a variety of food matrices, including milk and lettuce. Morphological observation, comparative genomic, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LPSEYT does not belong to any of the currently identified genera within the Myoviridae family, and we suggest that LPSEYT represents a new genus, the LPSEYTvirus. This study contributes a phage database, develops beneficial phage resources, and sheds light on the potential application value of phages LPSEYT on food safety.

Characteristics of a Series of Three Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica Strains

“…S. enterica is a pathogenic bacterium, often revealing antibiotic resistance, infecting human and animal gastrointestinal tracts; thus, development of phage therapy against this bacterium is desirable. Phages infecting Salmonella strains can also be used in controlling this bacterium in poultry [ 9 ], as well as in food protection and dishwashing procedures [ 2 , 12 , 45 ]. However, each of the abovementioned applications require different properties of phages, like various optimal growth temperatures or resistance to different pH conditions.…”

“…Other serotypes may vary depending on such factors as economy and the geography of a specific region [ 11 ]. As detection of S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis results in many countries in immediate liquidation of the flock and legal restrictions are pushing towards prohibiting the use of antibiotics in farming animals, alternative methods of treatment—phages, in this case—are being tested for animal and food protection [ 9 , 12 ].…”

Characterization of Salmonella Phage LPST153 That Effectively Targets Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars

“…Phage genomic DNA was isolated and purified as previously described by Yan et al [ 41 ]. Briefly, 1 mL lysate with a high titer (>10 10 PFU/mL) of purified phage was used for DNA isolation.…”

Bacteriophages vB_Sen-TO17 and vB_Sen-E22, Newly Isolated Viruses from Chicken Feces, Specific for Several Salmonella enterica Strains

“…The proposal of the use of phage therapy to treat Salmonella infections has been published previously in many reports. Those studies led to determination of properties of various Salmonella -specific phages [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], effects of application of phages to poultry [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], and results of experimental use of phages in therapies of infected animals [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In addition, economic analyses of potential use of anti- Salmonella phage therapy in poultry have also been published [ 1 , 33 ].…”

“…In addition, economic analyses of potential use of anti- Salmonella phage therapy in poultry have also been published [ 1 , 33 ]. Despite promising results of these studies, it was also indicated that most phages infecting S. enterica have a relatively narrow host range, specific to one or a few serovars or strains [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 34 ]. Thus, characterization of newly isolated bacteriophages infecting this bacterium is reasonable.…”