Characterization of Salmonella Phage LPST153 That Effectively Targets Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars

Abstract

Foodborne diseases represent a major risk to public health worldwide. In this study, LPST153, a novel Salmonella lytic phage with halo (indicative of potential depolymerase activity) was isolated by employing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 as the host and had excellent lytic potential against Salmonella. LPST153 is effectively able to lyse most prevalent tested serotypes of Salmonella, including S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum. Morphological analysis revealed that phage LPST153 belongs to Podoviridae family and Caudovirales order and could completely prevent host bacterial growth within 9 h at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100. LPST153 had a latent period of 10 min and a burst size of 113 ± 8 PFU/cell. Characterization of the phage LPST153 revealed that it would be active and stable in some harsh environments or in different conditions of food processing and storage. After genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, it is confirmed that LPST153 is a new member of the Teseptimavirus genus of Autographivirinae subfamily. Further application experiments showed that this phage has potential in controlling Salmonella in milk and sausage. LPST153 was also able to inhibit the formation of biofilms and it had the ability to reduce and kill bacteria from inside, including existing biofilms. Therefore, the phage LPST153 could be used as a potential antibacterial agent for Salmonella control in the food industry.

Characterization of a Broad-Host-Range Lytic Phage SHWT1 Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella and Evaluation of Its Therapeutic Efficacy in vitro and in vivo

“…This phage might directly degrade biofilms by killing bacteria during colonization onto the surface or it may act via an as yet unknown degradation mechanism. Previous studies similarly indicated that phages of the family Podoviridae not only inhibited bacterial growth but also decreased biofilm formation (36,61,62).…”

“…No lytic activity was observed against the tested bacterial strains of normal intestinal flora. Different host ranges have been reported for Salmonella phages of the family Siphoviridae ( 35 , 36 ). A previous study indicated that Siphoviridae phages were considered as restricted-host-range bacteriophages ( 54 ).…”

“…The bacterial isolates were tested for their susceptibility to phages using spotting methods as previously described ( 36 ). Then, the host range of phage were confirmed by double-agar overlay methods to avoid the so-called lysis from without ( 37 ).…”

SGP-C: A Broad Host Range Temperate Bacteriophage; Against Salmonella gallinarum

“…A previous study reported a broad host range lytic phage SAL-PG against S. gallinarum and S. pullorum with 77.77% infectivity ( Rahaman et al, 2014 ). In another study phage LPST153 was active against 5 tested strains of S. gallinarum , but showed lower EOP values ( Islam et al, 2020 ). The SGP-C was found spot negative against all tested strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella sp, Acinetobacter , and S. aureus , which agreed with the previously reported lytic phage LPST153 ( Islam et al, 2020 ).…”

Phages and Enzybiotics in Food Biopreservation

“…The study of the genome of phages is crucial today, but most investigations analyzed before to the last 10 years do not include the sequencing or annotation of these genomes. The complete genomes of phages are already included as a technique of characterization and phylogeny, but the in-depth analysis of these genomes has only been carried out very recently; this even allows us to discover new subfamilies and new genera of phages infecting food pathogens [43,125]. DNA genomes of Caudovirales range in size from about 15 up to 500 kbp [173].…”