Application of acoustic emission to the monitoring and end point determination of a high shear granulation process

Whitaker, Mark P.; Baker, Guy R; Westrup, Julian; Goulding, Paul A; Rudd, David R.; Belchamber, R.M.; Collins, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00479-8

Cited by 88 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These variable contacts could be due to either different types of contacts or granules with varying properties and suggest that the granules in the 350 RPM granulation have more variability in size and properties. Our results share some similarities with research conducted by Whitaker et al (2000) and Gamble et al (2009) who found an increase in the magnitude of the AE during granulation. Papp et al (2008) found a peak in the RMS voltage during the early stages of granulation for the two granulators they studied.…”

Section: A B Csupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Researchers have used passive acoustics to monitor granulation in HSG (Whitaker et al, 2000;Briens et al, 2007;Daniher et al, 2008;Hansuld et al, 2009;Papp et al, 2008;and Gamble et al, 2009;Hansuld et al, 2011;) and are reviewed in Watson (2010). The majority of all the previous research attempted to identify the granulation end point or granules' properties using complex statistical methods.…”

Section: Passive Acoustic Monitoring Of Granulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acoustic emission monitoring from a lab scale high shear granulator—A novel approach

Watson

Povey

Reynolds

et al. 2014

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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A new approach to the monitoring of granulation processes using passive acoustics together with precise control over the granulation process has highlighted the importance of particle-particle and particle-bowl collisions in acoustic emission. The results have shown that repeatable acoustic results could be obtained but only when a spray nozzle water addition system was used. Acoustic emissions were recorded from a transducer attached to the bowl and an airborne transducer. It was found that the airborne transducer detected very little from the granulation and only experienced small changes throughout the process. The results from the bowl transducer showed that during granulation the frequency content of the acoustic emission shifted towards the lower frequencies. Discrete element modelling of the granulator system show that when the particles increase in size and reduce in number the number of collisions the particles experience reduces. These simulation results coupled with previous theoretical work on the frequency content of an impacting sphere explain why the frequency content of the acoustic emissions reduces during granule growth. The acoustic system used was also clearly able to identify when large over-wetted granules were present in the system, highlighting its benefit for detecting undesirable operational conditions. High-speed photography was used to study if visual changes in the granule properties could be linked with the changing acoustic emissions. The high speed photography was only possible towards the latter stages of the granulation process and it was found that larger granules produced a higher magnitude of acoustic emission across a broader frequency range.

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Section: A B Csupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Passive Acoustic Monitoring Of Granulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic emission monitoring from a lab scale high shear granulator—A novel approach

Watson

Povey

Reynolds

et al. 2014

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…Processes that emit acoustic signals include mixing, grinding,¯uid-isation and compaction, thus this technique has potential use in monitoring these processes. Whitaker et al (2000) used acoustic emission to determine the end-point of a high-shear granulation process and to predict the¯ow, particle size and compression properties of the resultant granules. These studies showed a clear correlation between the acoustic signals generated on addition of diOE erent binder volumes, and particle size and¯o w properties post granulation.…”

Section: Process Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive and correlative techniques for the design, optimisation and manufacture of solid dosage forms

Hardy

Cook

2003

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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There is much interest in predicting the properties of pharmaceutical dosage forms from the properties of the raw materials they contain. Achieving this with reasonable accuracy would aid the faster development and manufacture of dosage forms. A variety of approaches to prediction or correlation of properties are reviewed. These approaches have variable accuracy, with no single technique yet able to provide an accurate prediction of the overall properties of the dosage form. However, there have been some successes in predicting trends within a formulation series based on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of raw materials, predicting process scale-up through mechanical characterisation of materials and predicting product characteristics by process monitoring. Advances in information technology have increased predictive capability and accuracy by facilitating the analysis of complex multivariate data, mapping formulation characteristics and capturing past knowledge and experience.

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“…To speak only of pharmaceutical processes, and without being exhaustive, the correlation between audible acoustic emission and particle sizes was investigated by [5]. Several case-studies and review papers present AE applications in many fields of pharmaceutical process engineering: grinding [6], end-point detection in drying [7][8][9]5], blending and mixing [10,11], drying [12,13], fluidized beds [14], granulation [12,15], tabletting [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic emission during the solvent mediated cooling crystallization of citric acid

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT:The potential of Acoustic Emission (AE) for controlling crystallization processes is investigated. The sensing technology is successfully applied to monitor the batch cooling crystallization of citric acid (CA) in water. The solventmediated phase transition between the anhydrous and the monohydrated forms of CA is clearly detected from the recorded acoustic measurements. A tremendous amount of acoustic data is recorded by the equipment, and the analysis of the data is focused on the evaluation of AE as a new sensor for monitoring the basic steps of the crystallization processes (i.e., nucleation, growth, phase transition, etc.) A time-and frequency-domain analysis is presented which shows the wealth of the technique. It is finally concluded that AE allows very early detection of nucleation events, provides a means of monitoring the development of the crystallization process and allows monitoring phase transition phenomena obtained through cooling. It is thus suggested that acoustic emission could be valuable in the development of new crystallization monitoring and control strategies: this is all the more interesting that the acoustic piezo-sensor is non-intrusive and does not require any sampling of the slurry, two features which are of tremendous importance in the field of cooling crystallization processes.

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Application of acoustic emission to the monitoring and end point determination of a high shear granulation process

Cited by 88 publications

References 3 publications

Acoustic emission monitoring from a lab scale high shear granulator—A novel approach

Acoustic emission monitoring from a lab scale high shear granulator—A novel approach

Predictive and correlative techniques for the design, optimisation and manufacture of solid dosage forms

Acoustic emission during the solvent mediated cooling crystallization of citric acid

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