Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for identifying color laser printer source of Xerox® brand

Salim, Ahmad S.; Abdalla, Asmaa A.

doi:10.1186/s41935-018-0076-4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…And the geometry arrangement of the RGB color pattern represented with cylindrical-coordinate via Hue, saturation, Fig. 1 The five defined steps for determination the identity and uniqueness of the candidate color laser printouts and lightness (HSL) was adopted as illustrated in the previous work (Salim and Abdalla 2018), and these procedures are included in details in the video Additional file 1.…”

Section: Scanning Extractingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The form of the active technique appears as yellow dots. Moreover, these yellow dots are called Counterfeit Protection System (CPS) codes, Machine Identification codes (MIC; van Beusekom et al 2013) and coded dot matrix pattern (CDMP; Salim and Abdalla 2018). The dots are very tiny in size and cannot be seen with the naked eye (van Beusekom et al 2013;Tsai and Liu 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand by Adobe® Creative Cloud Photoshop® 2018

Salim¹,

Abdalla

2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: Printer forensics is a sub-branch of digital forensic science encompassing the identification of the source of any printout by different means. Over the world, still today, there is no digital forensic lab able to identify the source of the color laser printer seized in forgery crimes by a certain scientific method. Therefore, the determination for the identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts have become one of the most challenging recently investigated in digital forensic labs. Method: In the present study, one type of the most common brand of color laser printers called Ricoh® was selected. Three defined steps, printing, scanning, and extracting, were applied to measure and calculate the obtained data for achieving our target. Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was used as a forensic tool for image processing. Results: In our study, 400 color laser printout samples from 93 Ricoh® color laser printers with different serial numbers were investigated. The study results successfully present the basic coded dot matrix pattern (CDMP) that characterizes and corresponds to the Ricoh® color laser machines with a 100% accuracy ratio. Conclusion: The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand was achieved with a high accuracy ratio (100%). Adobe Creative Cloud Photoshop 2018 was a versatile software applied as a steganalysis tool for extracting the steganography information embedded in all undertaken color laser printouts.

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Section: Scanning Extractingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand by Adobe® Creative Cloud Photoshop® 2018

Salim¹,

Abdalla

2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An active technique tracks features in the form of yellow dots. These yellow dots are called machine identification codes (MIC), counterfeit protection system (CPS) codes, and coded dots matrix (CDM) patterns [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for Identifying the Source of HP® Color Laser Printouts

Salim¹,

Abdall²

2019

AJFSFM

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The State-of-the-art Technique for Determining the Identity and Uniqueness of Common Color Laser Printouts by Coded Dot Matrix Patterns

Salim¹,

Abdalla

2023

AJFSFM

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Recently, in forensic science studies, identification of the source of color laser printouts is one of the most challenging issues that hinder forensic document examiners. Although various methods for establishing the identity of the source of color laser printouts are currently available worldwide, none of those methods approaches an accuracy and precision of 100%. The coded dot matrix patterns are state-of-the-art prototypes of steganography based on the active technique. Upon tracking the coded dot matrix patterns of all investigated color laser printouts, the identity and uniqueness can be determined, respectively. In the current paper, nineteen variant brands of color laser printer machines were selected. The advanced security features embedded in their printouts have steganalysis and grouped them into two broad categories. A direct model of hyperspectral analysis integrated with video spectral comparator Regula® 4307 was applied. The complete identification of the investigated color laser printouts was achieved. The decisive degree of the results reached one hundred percent for the investigated color laser in this study. Moreover, the novel classification scheme of coded dot matrix patterns presents for completing the individual characteristics.

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Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for identifying color laser printer source of Xerox® brand

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand by Adobe® Creative Cloud Photoshop® 2018

The determination of identity and uniqueness of color laser printouts of Ricoh® brand by Adobe® Creative Cloud Photoshop® 2018

Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for Identifying the Source of HP® Color Laser Printouts

The State-of-the-art Technique for Determining the Identity and Uniqueness of Common Color Laser Printouts by Coded Dot Matrix Patterns

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