Application of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Analysis of Paraquat in Human-Exposure Samples

Koivunen, Marja E.; Gee, Shirley J.; Park, E. K.; Lee, K.; Schenker, Marc B.; Hammock, Bruce D.

doi:10.1007/s00244-003-0251-x

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The mean urinary creatinine level for subjects who reported a complete urine collection on the questionnaire was 1.10 (± 0.49) g/L (Table 3). When we dichotomized completeness of urine collection by merging the responses "complete urine samples," "complete except for a few drops," and "missing urine less than a half cup" from the questionnaire into the "complete" category (resulting in the response "missing urine more than a half cup" equaling the "not complete" category), 380 urine samples were included as complete 24-hour urine collection (Table 4) Eighty-four subjects who participated in the epidemiologic study 23 provided their weight and height. The mean age of these participants was 34.9 (± 10.6) years, and 75% were of normal weight (body mass index = 18.5-24.9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Briefly, paraquat was purified on an ion exchange solid-phase extraction column to eliminate potential compounds that would interfere in the analysis, including boric acid. The paraquat was eluted using 1 M ammonium chloride in 50% methanol.…”

Section: Validation Of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Using a Formula Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were analyzed in a blind fashion and several studies conducted to assure data quality, including sample storage stability, stability of extracts, effects of sample shipment, and repeatability. 23 …”

Section: Validation Of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Using a Formula Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recruiting Strategy and 24-Hour Biomonitoring of Paraquat in Agricultural Workers

Tagles

Gee

Hammock

et al. 2008

Journal of Agromedicine

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The objectives of this study were to recruit agricultural workers in Costa Rica to participate in a 24-hour urine collection for paraquat exposure assessment and to compare the 24-hour sampling to endof-shift sampling. The authors recruited 187 handlers and 54 nonhandlers from coffee, banana, and palm oil plantations. The completeness of 24-hour urine samples collected (a total of 393 samples) was confirmed by questionnaire and urinary creatinine level. For a subset of 12 samples, the absorbed paraquat level was determined in 24-hours and end-of-shift spot urine samples. The participation rate for handlers was ~90%. The completeness of 24-hour urine collections was verified as the overall average of creatinine levels from 393 urines (1.11 ± 0.50 g/L). A total of 92.4% to 96.7% of urine samples were considered within the acceptable range of urinary creatinine, whereas 94.7% of the samples were described as "complete" from the questionnaire. Measured creatinine correlated well to predicted values (r = .327, p = .0024, 95% CI .12-.51). Detected paraquat levels in spot urine samples had a sensitivity of 96.9% at the high specificity of 100% compared to 24-hour urine samples as the gold standard. There was a significant (p < .0001) correlation between spot and 24-hour urine paraquat levels (r = .7825, 95% CI .61-.88). The recruiting strategy was successful in getting 24-hour urine samples from a farm worker population. Comparison between the paraquat levels in spot and 24-hour urine samples demonstrated that for this compound, end-of-shift spot urine samples would be an appropriate substitute for 24-hour collections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validation Of Urinary Creatinine Excretion Using a Formula Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recruiting Strategy and 24-Hour Biomonitoring of Paraquat in Agricultural Workers

Tagles

Gee

Hammock

et al. 2008

Journal of Agromedicine

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“…15 Various analytical methods to quantify PQ level in serum or plasma have been proposed, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography (GC)/MS, capillary electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and spectrophotometry coupled with a sodium dithionite assay. 12,[15][16][17][18][19] Most of them, however, are time consuming and require complicated operational settings and experimental preparations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-based diagnostic devices for clinical paraquat poisoning diagnosis

et al. 2016

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This article unveils the development of a paper-based analytical device designed to rapidly detect and clinically diagnose paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Using wax printing technology, we fabricated a PQ detection device by pattering hydrophobic boundaries on paper. This PQ detection device employs a colorimetric sodium dithionite assay or an ascorbic acid assay to indicate the PQ level in a buffer system or in a human serum system in 10 min. In this test, colorimetric changes, blue in color, were observable with the naked eye. By curve fitting models of sodium dithionite and ascorbic acid assays in normal human serum, we evaluated serum PQ levels for five PQ-poisoned patients before hemoperfusion (HP) treatment and one PQpoisoned patient after HP treatment. As evidenced by similar detection outcomes, the analytical performance of our device can compete with that of the highest clinical standard, i.e., spectrophotometry, with less complicated sample preparation and with more rapid results. Accordingly, we believe that our rapid PQ detection can benefit physicians determining timely treatment strategies for PQ-poisoned patients once they are taken to hospitals, and that this approach will increase survival rates.Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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“…[1,[5][6][7] For the measurement of the concentration of PQ, there are different ways including HPLC/MS, [8][9][10] GC/MS, [11] capillary zone electrophoresis, [12] radioimmunoassay, [13] ELISA, [14] andtime-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. [15] However, expensive equipments as well as complicated procedures prevent their use in primary hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum paraquat concentration detected by spectrophotometry in patients with paraquat poisoning

Li¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND: Paraquat (PQ) is a world-wide used herbicide and also a type of common poison for suicide and accidental poisoning. Numerous studies have proved that the concentration of serum PQ plays an important role in prognosis. Spectrophotometry, including common spectrophotometry and second-derivative spectrophotometry, is commonly used for PQ detection in primary hospitals. So far, lack of systematic research on the reliability of the method and the correlation between clinical features of patients with PQ poisoning and the test results has restricted the clinical use of spectrophotometry. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and value of spectrophotometry in detecting the concentration of serum PQ. METHODS:The wavelengths for detecting the concentration of serum PQ by common and second-derivative spectrophotometry were determined. Second-derivative spectrophotometry was applied to detect the concentration of serum PQ. The linear range and precision for detection of PQ concentration by this method were confirmed. The concentration of serum PQ shown by secondderivative spectrophotometry and HPLC were compared in 8 patients with PQ poisoning. Altogether 21 patients with acute poisoning 4 hours after PQ ingestion treated in the period of October 2008 to September 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into higher and lower than 1.8 µg/mL groups based on their concentrations of serum PQ measured by second-derivative spectrophotometry on admission. The severity of clinical manifestations between the two groups were analyzed with Student's t test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS:The absorption peak of 257 nm could not be found when common spectrophotometry was used to detect the PQ concentration in serum. The calibration curve in the 0.4-8.0 µg/mL range for PQ concentration shown by second-derivative spectrophotometry obeyed Beer's law with r=0.996. The average recovery rates of PQ were within a range of 95.0% to 99.5%, relative standard deviation (RSD) was within 1.35% to 5.41% (n=6), and the lower detection limit was 0.05 µg/mL. The PQ concentrations in serum of 8 patients with PQ poisoning shown by second-derivative spectrophotometry were consistent with the quantitative determinations by HPLC (r=0.995, P<0.0001). The survival rate was 22.2% in patients whose PQ concentration in serum was more than 1.8 µg/mL, and the incidences of acidosis, oliguria and pneumomediastinum in these patients were 55.6%, 55.6% and 77.8%, respectively. These clinical manifestations were different significantly from those of the patients whose PQ concentration in serum was less than 1.8 µg/mL (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: For common spectrophotometry, the wavelength at 257 nm was not suitable for detecting serum PQ as no absorbance was shown. Second-derivative spectrophotometry was reliable for detecting serum paraquat concentration. Serum PQ concentration detected by secondderivative spectrophotometry could be used to predict the severity of clinical manifestations of patients with PQ poisoning, and PQ content ...

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Application of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Analysis of Paraquat in Human-Exposure Samples

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Recruiting Strategy and 24-Hour Biomonitoring of Paraquat in Agricultural Workers

Recruiting Strategy and 24-Hour Biomonitoring of Paraquat in Agricultural Workers

Paper-based diagnostic devices for clinical paraquat poisoning diagnosis

Serum paraquat concentration detected by spectrophotometry in patients with paraquat poisoning

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