Application of Arrhenius law to DP and zero-span tensile strength measurements taken on iron gall ink impregnated papers: relevance of artificial ageing protocols

Rouchon, Véronique; Belhadj, Oulfa; Duranton, Maroussia; Gimat, Alice; Massiani, Pascale

doi:10.1007/s00339-016-0307-1

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These Ea values are similar to those (104-133 kJ mol -1 ) typically found for hydrolytic degradation of cellulose (Zou et al 1996;Barański et al 2005;Strlič et al 2015). However, as recently reported (Rouchon et al 2016;Liu et al 2017), there is a substantial variation of the activation energies for degradation of cellulosic materials depending on the conditions of degradation, ranging from 27 to 165 kJ mol -1 .…”

Section: Kinetics Of Degradationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Kinetics of degradation of non-recycled and recycled contemporary paper

Coppola

Modelli

Strlič³

et al. 2018

Cellulose

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Paper is still regarded as the most common carrier of information. Encouraged by environmental policies, the papermaking technology recently changed, resulting in an increased production of recycled paper. Two types of contemporary paper, non-recycled and recycled, were thus investigated to evaluate possible differences in their rate of degradation. The analyses were carried out using unaged paper to evaluate acidity, dry matter and ash content, lignin presence, and fibre furnish. Accelerated ageing experiments were performed at different temperatures (50-80°C) and water vapour pressures (90.5-227.5 torr). Viscometric measurements were carried out to evaluate the extent of paper degradation as a function of time, upon various accelerated ageing conditions. The results indicate that the rates of degradation follow first-order kinetics with respect to scission of glycosidic bonds, the rate constants for recycled paper being found to be slightly higher than the corresponding constants for non-recycled paper, but comparable within experimental limits. The kinetic constants did not display a monotonic trend with increasing water vapour pressures. The Arrhenius dependence of the rate constants on temperature for both kinds of paper supplied the activation energies, which fall in the typical range expected for paper degradation. Finally, the measured rate constants fit fairly well the recently modelled dose-response function for historic paper. Colour changes were found to be visible to the human eye for samples aged for more than 40 days at 60, 70 and 80°C.

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Section: Kinetics Of Degradationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Kinetics of degradation of non-recycled and recycled contemporary paper

Coppola

Modelli

Strlič³

et al. 2018

Cellulose

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“…In italic the original term for the processing of galls, binder and iron salt, followed by its English translation e Average value, please see "Experimental" section for more details; the reference proposed in literature, prepared with gallic acid, displays a concentration of 9 mg/mL 9)." [16,24].…”

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confidence: 99%

New insights into iron-gall inks through the use of historically accurate reconstructions

et al. 2018

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Iron-gall inks have been described as complexes of iron ions with gallic or tannic acids, available in gall extracts. To assess this working hypothesis, we have prepared medieval inks using ingredients and methods appropriate to the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries. The five historical inks studied were selected based upon research into Iberian written sources of medieval techniques. Results are supported by comparison with iron complexes with a well-characterized phenol counterpart: gallic, ellagic, and tannic acids as well as digalloyl and pentagalloyl glucose; as either precipitates or prepared as inks by adding gum arabic. Raman and infrared spectroscopies show that medieval writing inks could not have been represented solely by iron complexes with gallic acid. Overall, writing inks display the infrared signature of gallotannins, indicating that complexes of Fe 3+-polygalloyl esters of glucose are also formed. Our results also show that the commercial tannic acid solution is far more complex than the gall extracts, and cannot be used to represent a gall extract (as described in historic written sources). High-performance liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionisation, HPLC-ESI-MS, reveals that the concentration of gallic acid varies in the gall extracts, depending on the extraction method and ink recipe. Importantly, in certain recipes, gallic acid is found as a minor compound, when compared with the galloyl esters of glucose.

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“…From samples D and FII, we can estimate this slope: From Equations (9) and (10), we obtain an estimated DP activation energy E DPa of 118.9 ± 0.8 kJ/mole, a value that falls in the range of activation energies measured for the degradation of cellulosic materials [25,26]. We can determine also ω * DP = 0.953 ± 0.001 by imposing that Equation (8) leads to 19.55 ± 0.1 centuries as the aging time for the sample FII, of which the dating has been obtained by HR.…”

Section: X-ray Determination Of Linen Aging Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Dating of Ancient Linen Fabrics

Giannini

Lassandro

et al. 2019

Heritage

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We propose a new method for dating ancient linen threads by inspecting their structural degradation by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering. X-ray dating of a textile sample can be performed nondestructively and on a submillimeter area, e.g., 0.2 0.5 mm2, exploiting new table-top X-ray micro-sources. A theoretical formula is derived for dating linen samples directly from wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Our preliminary results show that X-ray dating results are in agreement with other dating sources, such as the radiocarbon method and historical records, if some conditions are satisfied. Indeed, this new dating method can be applied only to threads not older than about thirty centuries because of the saturation of the structural degradation with age. Moreover, the method can be applied only on textiles in which cellulose degradation is mainly due by natural aging arising from thermal, hydrolytic, photolytic, photochemical, and oxidative processes. Analyses can be repeated several times on the same sample, which remains unaltered for other complementary characterization procedures. The proposed X-ray dating of some ancient linen fabrics opens the way to explore limits and potentialities of this new approach and to further develop a new dating method, alternative to the existing ones for specific applications in archeological studies.

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Application of Arrhenius law to DP and zero-span tensile strength measurements taken on iron gall ink impregnated papers: relevance of artificial ageing protocols

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Kinetics of degradation of non-recycled and recycled contemporary paper

Kinetics of degradation of non-recycled and recycled contemporary paper

New insights into iron-gall inks through the use of historically accurate reconstructions

X-ray Dating of Ancient Linen Fabrics

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