Application of Autologous Cryopreserved Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration in Dogs

Abstract

Background: Stem cell-based therapies have shown great promise in regenerative medicine and continue to generate wide interest in future clinical applications. However, the issue of storage and preservation of stem cells, for future clinical applications, still requires extensive investigation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on the regenerative capacity of bone marrow stem cells in periodontal defects in dogs. Materi als and Methods: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were obtained from 5 beagle dogs. After cryopreservation for 1 month, cell viability, surface adherence ability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation were assessed. Twenty-six periodontal fenestration defects (5 × 5 mm) were created at a location 5 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction in experimental teeth. Cryopreserved BMSCs were transplanted into the defects using a collagen scaffold carrier. Freshly isolated BMSCs and collagen scaffold alone were used as controls. All animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery, and specimens were evaluated by histomorphometry. Results: Cryopreservation had no discernible negative effect on BMSC growth and differentiation in vitro. Both freshly isolated and cryopreserved BMSC transplantations induced significantly better periodontal regeneration with newly formed cementum, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament compared with the application of collagen scaffold alone. Conclusion: Cryopreserved BMSCs showed no altered regenerative capacity compared with freshly isolated BMSCs in the application of periodontal regeneration.

Application of autologous periosteal cells for the regeneration of class III furcation defects in Beagle dogs

“…When combined with GTR membrane, Steiner et al (2007) found that periosteum transplanted to furcation defects could help the regeneration of alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. Similar results were reported in the application of the periodontal ligament fibroblasts and BMSCs by Yan et al (2005), Hovey et al (2006), Gay et al (2007) and Li et al (2009). Although the multiple differentiation potential of periosteum cells has been shown, no study has confirmed that periosteum cells can differentiate to cementoblasts.…”

Periodontal tissue regeneration by transplantation of rat adipose-derivedstromal cells in combination with PLGA-based solid scaffolds

“…In addition, the scaffold must be able to maintain a space within the wound site for the cells to grow into (5). Although using soft scaffolds such as hydro gels or collagen sponge has been the predominant strategy (8,20,29,42,54,64), the applications of these soft scaffolds are limited due to their poor mechanical properties. Solid scaffolds such as hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) provide improved support for periodontal tissue regeneration (7,33).…”

Effects of DMEM and RPMI 1640 on the biological behavior of dog periosteum-derived cells

“…For periodontal tissue engineering, sufficient supply of autologous cells is of paramount importance for the preparation of transplants. In animal experiments, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLCs) (Zhang et al 2007;Lin et al 2008) and bone marrow stroma cell (BMSCs) (Hasegawa et al 2006;Li et al 2008) have been two main cell sources for periodontal tissue engineering. Recent studies have showed that grafted periosteum or periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) could enhance periodontal wound healing, and they promote alveolar bone repair, as well as facilitate periodontal membrane and cementum regeneration (Steiner et al 2007;Mizuno et al 2006).…”