Application of bioassay techniques to herbicide investigations

Horowitz, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1976.tb00404.x

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Soils were evaluated for herbicidal activity using an oat bioassay (Sheets et al, 1962;Marriage, 1975;Horowitz, 1976). After herbicides were added to the soils, 13 oat seeds (Avena sativa, cv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Atrazine, Metribuzin and Simazine Herbicides in Two Soils

Fuscaldo¹,

Bedmar²,

Monterubbianesi³

1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-An oat bioassay was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions to determine the persistence of atrazine, metribuzin and simazine herbicides in soils of the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Atrazine rates of 0, 0.58, 1.16 and 2.32 mg g -1 of active ingredient (a.i.), metribuzin rates of 0, 0.14, 0.28 and 0.56 mg g -1 of a.i., and simazine rates of 0, 0.72, 1.45 and 2.9 mg g -1 of a.i. dry soil weight were applied to pots containing soils from Balcarce and San Cayetano sites. Organic matter (OM) content and pH of Balcarce soil were 5.5% and 5.8%, while for San Cayetano soil were 2.9% and 6.7%, respectively. Relative dry weight (RDW) of oat shoots was calculated as percentage of control. Considering a 20% RDW reduction of oat shoots, persistences of recommended rates for the region were: atrazine (1.16 mg g -1 of a.i.), 78 and 130 days after treatment (DAT) for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively; metribuzin (0.28 mg -1 of a.i.), 63 and 77 DAT for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively; simazine (1.45 mg g -1 of a.i.), 81 and 156 DAT for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively. Results show that persistence of atrazine, metribuzin and simazine in soil increased with high rates, low OM content and high pH.Index terms: oat, organic matter, pH, herbicide rates, bioassay. PERSISTÊNCIA DOS HERBICIDAS ATRAZINE, METRIBUZIN E SIMAZINE EM DOIS SOLOSRESUMO -O presente trabalho foi realizado para estudar a persistência dos herbicidas atrazine, metribuzin e simazine em solos do sudeste da Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, por meio de um bioensaio com aveia. Doses de atrazine de 0, 0,58, 1,16 e 2,32 mg g -1 de ingrediente ativo (i.a.), doses de metribuzin de 0, 0,14, 0,28 e 0,56 mg g -1 de i.a., e doses de simazine de 0, 0,72, 1,45 e 2,9 mg g -1 de i.a. de solo seco, foram aplicadas em vasos que continham solos de Balcarce e San Cayetano. O conteúdo de matéria orgânica (MO) e o pH do solo de Balcarce foram 5,5% e 5,8%, enquanto no solo de San Cayetano foram 2,9% e 6,7%, respectivamente. Com a parte aérea das plantas de aveia calculou-se o peso relativo da matéria seca (PSR) em relação ao tratamento sem herbicida. Considerando uma redução de 20% do PSR, as persistências nas doses recomendadas para os solos de Balcarce e San Cayetano foram, respectivamente: atrazine (1,16 mg g -1 de i.a.), 78 e 130 dias após tratamento (DAT); metribuzin (0,28 mg g -1 de i.a.), 63 e 77 DAT; simazine (1,45 mg g -1 de i.a.), 81 e 156 DAT. Os resultados indicam que a persistência foi maior com altas doses dos herbicidas, com baixo conteúdo de MO e alto pH dos solos.Termos para indexação: aveia, matéria orgânica, pH, doses de herbicidas, bioensaio.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Atrazine, Metribuzin and Simazine Herbicides in Two Soils

Fuscaldo¹,

Bedmar²,

Monterubbianesi³

1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…The quantitative determination of herbicide residues in soil using plant bioassay techniques has been extensively used to assay amounts of known compounds in treated soils, and the subject has been comprehensively reviewed (Behrens, 1970;Santelmann, 1972Santelmann, , 1977Eberle & Gerber, 1976;Hance & McKone, 1976;Horowitz, 1976;Hurle, 1977). Plant bioassay procedures are especially important for determining herbicide residues in soils when chemical analytical procedures are not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A root bioassay procedure for the determination of chlorsulfuron, diclofop acid and sethoxydim residues in soils

Hsiao

Smith

1983

Weed Research

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Measurement of the root lengths of pre-germinated oat seedlings {Avena sativa L. var. Sioux) grown in the dark in treated soils was used to assay residues of diclofop acid (2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionate) and sethoxydim (2-[l-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)-propy]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-l-one). Similar measurements involving maize seedlings {Zea Mays L. var. Sunny Vee) were also used to determine residues of the herbicide chlorsulfuron (2-chloro-Af-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbony]benzenesulfonamide) in soils. The procedure appeared to be reproducible with residues of chlorsulfuron, diclofop acid and sethoxydim being detectable at amounts of 0-001, 0-2 and 0-05 ng g~' respectively. Test biologique pour la determination de residus de chlorsulfuron, acide diclofop et sethoxydim dans le solLa measure des longueurs des racines de plantules pregermees d'avoine cultivee {Avena sativa L. var. Sioux) se developpant en l'absence de lumiere dans des sols traites, a ete utilisee pour etudier les residus d'acide diclofop et de sethoxydim (2-[lethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-ethylthio)-propyl]-3hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-l-one). Des measures similaires effectuees sur des plantules de

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“…Bioassays are useful tools to screen herbicide phytotoxicity residues in soil. Bioassays to detect several herbicides have been reported in the literature, specially to detect low rate herbicides (Hernández-Sevillano et al, 2001;Horowitz, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%