Application of Biologic Markers to Studies of Environmental Risks in Children and the Developing Fetus

Whyatt, Robin M.; Perera, Frederica P.

doi:10.2307/3432357

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Numerous studies show that fetus and children are more sensitive to many environmental toxins than adults (Whyatt and Perera 1995;Haley and Talbort 2004;Neri et al 2006). One of the reasons is that the placenta does not completely protect the fetus from the outside influences (Vähäkangas and Myllynen 2006;Myren et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Pregnant Women with a Betamimetic and Verapamil Increases the Micronuclei Frequency in Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes

Grujičić

Milošević-Djordjević

Arsenijevic

et al. 2008

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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In prevention of preterm labor, betamimetics are used in gynecological practice mostly combined with antiarrhythmic verapamil because of their therapeutic cardiovascular side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a betamimetic (ritodrine hydrochloride, fenoterol or hexoprenaline) and verapamil (administered to mothers) on the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes of neonates, using cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. The analyzed sample included 23 babies whose mothers received the therapy and 30 control babies whose mothers received no therapy. The average MN frequency was significantly higher in the neonates whose mothers received the therapy (8.13 ± 2.69 MN/1000 BN cells), in comparison with the baseline frequency in untreated controls (3.30 ± 2.63 MN/1000 BN cells), with probability p < 0.05. The highest MN frequency was found in neonates whose mothers received fenoterol and verapamil (2.8-fold i.e. 9.10 ± 3.00 MN/1000 BN cells), while ritodrine hydrochloride and hexoprenaline combined with verapamil induced 2.3-fold and 2.2-fold higher MN values than in controls (7.50 ± 3.33 MN/1000 BN cells and 7.29 ± 0.95 MN/1000 BN cells). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MN frequency was affected only by the maternal therapeutic treatment, while the neonates' sex, maternal age, cigarette smoking, and therapeutic doses did not affect the MN frequency in umbilical lymphocytes of neonates. We conclude that the treatment of pregnant women with a betamimetic and verapamil significantly increases the MN frequency in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes of neonates, regardless to therapeutic doses.umbilical cord blood lymphocytes; micronuclei; betamimetic; verapamil.Tohoku

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Pregnant Women with a Betamimetic and Verapamil Increases the Micronuclei Frequency in Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes

Grujičić

Milošević-Djordjević

Arsenijevic

et al. 2008

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…The occurrence of pediatric leukemia has been linked to several environmental, maternal, and paternal factors and to the exposure to various biological, physical, and chemical factors (Whyatt and Perera, 1995;Severson and Ross, 1999). Despite much investigation, the causes of ALL are not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GSTP1 A1578G polymorphism and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from an updated meta-analysis

Huang¹,

Shan²,

Zeng³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Studies investigating the association between the glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) A1578G polymorphism and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) report conflicting results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for such a relationship. Two investigators independently searched the Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wangfang databases for studies of the polymorphism and ALL. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the GSTP1 polymorphism and childhood ALL were calculated in a fixed-effect model. Pooled ORs were calculated for a co-dominant model (GG vs AA, AG vs AA), a dominant model (GG + AG vs AA), and a recessive model (GG vs AA + AG). Analyses were also performed in subgroups stratified by race, study design, genotyping methods, and study sample size. This meta-analysis included 8 case-control studies with 1384 childhood ALL cases and 1755 controls. Overall, the variant genotypes (GG and AG) of A1578G were not associated with childhood No heterogeneity or publication bias was observed in the present study. This updated meta-analysis indicates that the GSTP1 A1578G polymorphism is not associated with the risk of childhood ALL. In the future, additional studies in Asian and African-American patients should be performed to re-evaluate the association in these populations.

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“…Human and experimental studies indicate that the fetus and infant are more sensitive than adults to many environmental toxicants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Mott et al 1994; National Academy of Sciences 1993; World Health Organization (WHO) 1986; Whyatt and Perera 1995]. Urban, minority populations represent high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes [New York City Department of Health (NYCDH) 1998; Perera et al 2002].…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence of an interaction between prenatal environmental exposures and birth outcomes in a multiethnic population.

Perera

Rauh

Whyatt

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

121

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Inner-city, minority populations are high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes and also are more likely to be exposed to environmental contaminants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in urban air. In a sample of nonsmoking African-American and Dominican women, we evaluated the effects on birth outcomes of prenatal exposure to ETS, using questionnaire data and plasma cotinine as a biomarker of exposure, and environmental PAHs using BaP-DNA adducts as a molecular dosimeter. We previously reported that among African Americans, high prenatal exposure to PAHs estimated by prenatal personal air monitoring was associated with lower birth weight (p = 0.003) and smaller head circumference (p = 0.01) after adjusting for potential confounders. In the present analysis, self-reported ETS was associated with decreased head circumference (p = 0.04). BaP-DNA adducts were not correlated with ETS or dietary PAHs. There was no main effect of BaP-DNA adducts on birth outcomes. However, there was a significant interaction between the two pollutants such that the combined exposure to high ETS and high adducts had a significant multiplicative effect on birth weight (p = 0.04) and head circumference (p = 0.01) after adjusting for ethnicity, sex of newborns, maternal body mass index, dietary PAHs, and gestational age. This study provides evidence that combined exposure to environmental pollutants at levels currently encountered in New York City adversely affects fetal development.

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Application of Biologic Markers to Studies of Environmental Risks in Children and the Developing Fetus

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Treatment of Pregnant Women with a Betamimetic and Verapamil Increases the Micronuclei Frequency in Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes

Treatment of Pregnant Women with a Betamimetic and Verapamil Increases the Micronuclei Frequency in Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes

The GSTP1 A1578G polymorphism and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from an updated meta-analysis

Molecular evidence of an interaction between prenatal environmental exposures and birth outcomes in a multiethnic population.

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