Application of Box-Behnken design in optimization of biodiesel yield using WO3/graphene quantum dot (GQD) system and its kinetics analysis

Borah, Manash Jyoti; Sarmah, Hemanga J.; Bhuyan, Nilutpal; Mohanta, Dambarudhar; Deka, Dhanapati

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00717-x

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The schematic of the proton-conductive membrane is shown in figure 21(h). In addition, there are reports on the applications of GQDs as catalysts in a new type of fuels [579,580], which can address challenges relating to energy shortage and environmental pollution. There are many other novel applications of GQDs [581], which are of great interest.…”

Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene quantum dots: preparations, properties, functionalizations and applications

Tian,

Tang,

Teng

et al. 2024

Mater. Futures

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Due to its zero-dimensional property, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has quantum confinement effect on the internal charge, so they show many properties different from the parent two-dimensional graphene, such as strong fluorescence, non-zero band gap and easily soluble in solvents. As a member of the family of carbon materials, GQDs also has biocompatibility and low toxicity, which is one of the reasons why GQDs can be widely used in the biomedical field .The edge effect of GQDs is also particularly important. By modifying the edge of GQDs, the performance of GQDs can be regulated. A lot of preparation technology of GQDs, probably can be divided into three categories, and top-down, bottom-up and chemical method, chemical method is different from other literature classification, mainly considering the certain of the preparation of GQDs way, not directly to block materials or direct synthesis of small molecule materials for GQDs, but through intermediate in chemical means under the action of changes and form GQDs. The detailed introduction of the optical, electrical, thermal and magnetic properties of GQDs is the premise of the performance regulation of GQDs. In addition to inheriting the excellent properties of graphene, GQDs also expand the properties of the parent material. The functionalization of GQDs mainly includes the doping technology of introducing heteroatom and the composite technology of combining with other substances to improve the performance of other substances. The performance of these functionalized products is also discussed. The original and functionalized properties of GQDs are based on the application of GQDs. In recent years, GQDs has been used in many fields, including optics, electricity, optoelectronics, biomedicine, energy, agriculture and some emerging interdisciplinary fields. Through the introduction and discussion of the recent research achievements of GQDs, this review mainly highlights the huge potential value of GQDs and puts forward the direction of the development of GQDs in the future.

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Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene quantum dots: preparations, properties, functionalizations and applications

Tian,

Tang,

Teng

et al. 2024

Mater. Futures

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“…This decrease in ester content may be related to the deposition of unconverted mono-, di-, triglycerides, residual glycerol or esters not removed during the recovery process using Route (1), which consists only of washing with solvents (ethyl alcohol + hexane). This leads to the blocking of active sites on the surface of the catalyst, which makes it difficult for the reaction to proceed efficiently [68]. This hypothesis was tested by performing Route (2), which consists of the combination of the solvent washing process and the thermal reactivation of the catalyst in the tubular oven at 400 °C for 1 h in an atmosphere of N 2 after each reaction cycle.…”

Section: Catalyst Reuse Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Reuse Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Biochar from the Amazonian Residual Biomass Murici Seed: An Effective and Low-Cost Basic Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Ribeiro,

Gonçalves,

da Rocha Filho

et al. 2023

Molecules

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This study presents the synthesis of a basic heterogeneous catalyst based on sodium functionalized biochar. The murici biochar (BCAM) support used in the process was obtained through the pyrolysis of the murici seed (Byrsonimia crassifolia), followed by impregnation of the active phase in amounts that made it possible to obtain concentrations of 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18% of sodium in the final composition of the catalyst. The best-performing 15Na/BCAM catalyst was characterized by Elemental Composition (CHNS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersion X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The catalyst 15Na/BCAM was applied under optimal reaction conditions: temperature of 75 °C, reaction time of 1.5 h, catalyst concentration of 5% (w/w) and MeOH:oil molar ratio of 20:1, resulting in a biodiesel with ester content of 97.20% ± 0.31 in the first reaction cycle, and maintenance of catalytic activity for five reaction cycles with ester content above 65%. Furthermore, the study demonstrated an effective catalyst regeneration process, with the synthesized biodiesels maintaining ester content above 75% for another five reaction cycles. Thus, the data indicate a promising alternative to low-cost residual raw materials for the synthesis of basic heterogeneous catalysts.

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“…However, only a few kinetic studies about enzyme-or lipase-assisted transesterification have been reported [22][23][24]. More recently, the use of new catalysts, e.g., barium cerate [25], metal oxide mixed Sr-Ce [26], Li/NaY (zeolite) [27], lithium-based chicken bone (Li-Cb) composite [28], calcium oxide from seashell [29], graphene [30] or solid acidic ionic liquid polymer [31] have been included in kinetic studies. Despite the potential of microalgal and microbial oil for biodiesel production [8], kinetic models have not yet been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Kinetic Model to Simulate Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil

2020

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To date, to simulate biodiesel production, kinetic models from different authors have been provided, each one usually applied to the use of a specific vegetable oil and experimental conditions. Models, which may include esterification, besides transesterification simulation, were validated with their own experimental conditions and raw material. Moreover, information about the intermediate reaction steps, besides catalyst concentration variation, is either rare or nonexistent. Here, in this work, a universal mathematical model comprising the chemical kinetics of a two-step (esterification and transesterification) vegetable oil-based biodiesel reaction is proposed. The proposed model is universal, as it may simulate any vegetable oil biodiesel reaction from the literature. For this purpose, a mathematical model using the software MATLAB has been designed. Using the mathematical model, the estimation of mass variation with time, of both reactants and products, as well as glyceride conversion and homogeneous catalyst concentration variation (instead of only alcohol/catalyst solution) are allowed. Moreover, analysis of the influence of some important variables affecting the reaction kinetics of biodiesel production (e.g., catalyst concentration), along with comparison and model validation with data from different authors may be carried out. In addition, Supplementary material with a collection of 290 rate constants, derived from 55 different experiments using different vegetable oils and conditions is provided.

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Application of Box-Behnken design in optimization of biodiesel yield using WO3/graphene quantum dot (GQD) system and its kinetics analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Graphene quantum dots: preparations, properties, functionalizations and applications

Graphene quantum dots: preparations, properties, functionalizations and applications

Functionalized Biochar from the Amazonian Residual Biomass Murici Seed: An Effective and Low-Cost Basic Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Universal Kinetic Model to Simulate Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil

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