Application of cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings for quality and safety of deep‐fried foods

Abstract

Excessive oil uptake and formation of carcinogens, such as acrylamide (AA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), during deep‐frying are a potential threat for food quality and safety. Cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings have been widely applied to deep‐fried foods for reduction of oil uptake because of their barrier property to limit oil ingress, and their apparent inhibition of AA formation. Cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings have low negative impacts on sensory attributes of fried foods and are low cost, nontoxic, and nonallergenic. They also show great potential for reducing HCAs and PAHs in fried foods. The incorporation of nanoparticles improves mechanical and barrier properties of cellulose and chitosan coatings, which may also contribute to reducing carcinogens derived from deep‐frying. Considering the potential for positive health outcomes, cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings could be a valuable method for the food industry to improve the quality and safety of deep‐fried foods.

Pectin Hydrogels: Gel-Forming Behaviors, Mechanisms, and Food Applications

“…For instance, starch and cellulose can contribute as dietary fiber, act as an effective thickening and stabilizing agent [8,9], or be employed as materials for food packaging [10,11]. Chitosan, with its potent antimicrobial properties, is used as a preservative packaging material for extending the shelf life of perishable goods, particularly fruits and vegetables [12]. On the other hand, pectin, renowned for its remarkable gelling properties, frequently serves as a crucial gelling agent, transforming Gels 2023, 9, 732 2 of 28 liquid formulations into stable gels, imparting desirable textures, and enhancing product quality [13].…”

Effect of alkali metals on physical and spectroscopic properties of cellulose

“…These OH groups can be easily modified with different material, resulting in what is known as cellulose derivatives 6 , and can also undergo, mainly, electrostatic hydrogen bonding with one another resulting in an ordered structure 7 , 8 . The intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of cellulose chains play an important role in both its mechanical properties and in the adsorption of different materials to cellulose 9 , 10 for different applications such as antifouling 11 – 14 , biomedical applications 15 – 18 , coatings 19 – 23 , and green electronics and energy storage devices 24 – 30 . Cellulose is also currently making its way in several other advanced applications, such as in optoelectronic devices as a replacement to petrochemical-based polymers owing to its ability to manage light interactions 31 – 33 .…”

"تأثير استخدام الأغلفة الغذائية الأولية القابلة للأكل على سياحة الطعام" "The Impact of Using The Edible Primary Food Packaging on Food Tourism"

“…Non-degrading petrochemical polymer materials have great damage, such as plastic, which has small atoms of it capable of destroying human cells and developing cancer), besides remaining in the soil without decomposition, and not only, but also we cannot treat it the radically, but preservatives are added in those containers (Jeya Jeevahan et al, 2017), unlike glass, which has a high ability to preserve food, as it can be treated thermally as there are no pores through which bacteria and fungi enter, but it is faulted for not decomposing, but it remains in the soil For thousands of years, which makes it a suitable environment for the increase of insects, rodents and wounds, either tin containers are sealed and without pores and correct with thermal treatment only and be defected by rust, which requires coating with tin as it is prone to injury oil rancidity so-called oxidation of oil next to does not have the ability to decompose so it was necessary to search for environmentally friendly covers in light of the goals of countries towards sustainable development and resistance to climate change and reduce its effects, which are cellulosic covers of natural origin Such as cellulosic materials such as paper and cardboard or cardboard covered with aluminum foil (Fotie et al, 2023) such as juice and cheese workers, and the matter did not stop at that, but research began quickly to find primary packaging for food, as its role is in protecting food from bacteria and fungi and retaining the smell and nutritional elements, and not only that, but this application also contains many nutritional elements (Wang et al, 2023). This fee is also able to Keeping the largest amount of water inside the product reduces the rate of loss and evaporation, which makes the product fresher for the longest possible period, and not only that, but also recently the price of cooking oils has increased, which has made primary coatings, especially meat, more economical.…”