Application of Electromagnetic (EM) Separation Technology to Metal Refining Processes: A Review

Zhang, Lifeng; Wang, Shengqian; Dong, Anping; Gao, Jianwei; Damoah, Lucas Nana Wiredu

doi:10.1007/s11663-014-0123-y

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Non‐metallic inclusions are detrimental to the mechanical properties and the casting reliability of clean steels . Large inclusions (>20 µm) can be extracted from molten steels by electromagnetic stirring, bubble, and filtration, but the inclusions less than 20 µm are extremely challenging for separation because of the combination of Brownian motion and strong viscous force . At present, the controlled movement of neutral inclusions in highly conductive steels has been achieved under pulsed electric current .…”

Section: Research Progress In Particle Reconfigurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Particle Reconfiguration in the Metallic Materials under the Pulsed Electric Current

Zhang

Qin²

2018

steel research int.

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The dissolution, refinement, and separation of the particles are one of the core metallurgical processes to control the quality of metallic materials. The dimensional changes and controlled motion of the particles have attracted great attention due to their important contribution to the corrosion resistance, service life, and mechanical properties of metallic materials. In general, the dimensional change of the precipitates is controlled by heat treatment, while the separation or modification of the inclusions is completed by means of filtration, argon blowing, and Ca addition. Sometimes, these methods are inefficient and cannot meet the in situ operation requirement in a particular working environment. This study aims to introduce a new idea of electropulsing metallurgy to achieve direct control for the particles, and this technique is efficient and green. The production of high‐quality steels is achieved by the refinement and separation purification of the inclusions. The regeneration of the aged stainless steel used in nuclear power plant is obtained by the dissolution of precipitates. Therefore, electropulsing metallurgy provides a new technique to control the particle morphology and meets the needs for clean smelting purification and high‐performance metallic materials fabrication. If substantive progress is to be made in this field, some difficulties are highlighted here because the understanding on electropulsing processing is limited.

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Section: Research Progress In Particle Reconfigurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Particle Reconfiguration in the Metallic Materials under the Pulsed Electric Current

Zhang

Qin²

2018

steel research int.

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“…Excessive Fe content had always been considered as one of the main harmful impurities within Al alloys (especially in wrought Al alloys) [7]. When the Fe content in Al alloys exceeded a certain value, the brittle Fe-rich precipitates, such as α-Fe 2 SiAl 8 or β-FeSiAl 3 and others, which possessed very high hardness and emerged in the shape of elongated and flaky appearance, would be produced in Al alloy organizations.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments of eliminating the destructive effects of excessive Fe inclusions for Al secondary products

Sun

Dai²,

Geng

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The experimental results showed that, the ratio of removing Fe element was above 20%, and the morphology of Fe rich precipitates changed from Lamellar to bulk or lath precipitations under the process parameters: the fluxing-agents composed of borax, and MnCl 2 (mixed by mass ratio of 1:1),and the adding amount of fluxing-agents was about 1.5%; thrown the fluxing-agents into the Al scrap melt by powder injection process and kept for 30 min.

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“…These methods are generally applicable for elimination of inclusion particles above 20 μm in diameter, and require significant energy consumption and cost. 2,[4][5][6][7][8][9] Removal of inclusions of less than 20 μm may be accomplished by filtration using ceramic foam filters, 10 but with limited (and controversial) filtration efficiency. 11 Inclusion levels can be reduced in steelmaking by careful manipulation of the inclusion chemistry (with Ca and Al) to produce a liquid inclusion which is easier to remove at steelmaking temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of electrically neutral non-metallic inclusions from molten steel by pulsed electric current

Zhang

Qin

2017

Materials Science and Technology

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How to cite: Zhang, Xinfang and Qin, Rongshan (2017). Separation of electrically neutral non-metallic inclusions from molten steel by pulsed electric current. Materials Science and Technology, 33(12) AbstractEffect of a pulsed electric current on the distribution of Al 2 O 3 inclusions in liquid steel is explored; these inclusions ranged in size from microns to nanometres. When no electric current was applied the inclusions were randomly distributed in the steel. However, when an electric current was applied the inclusions were found in highly-populated regions near the various interfaces. Moreover, this process applies to a wide range of inclusion diameters, in contrast to conventional inclusion removal methods which tend to apply to larger (>20 μm) particles only. Consequently, the application of pulsed electric current provides a method of removing inclusions from the steel and thereby, improving the mechanical, physical and corrosion resistance properties of the steel.

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Application of Electromagnetic (EM) Separation Technology to Metal Refining Processes: A Review

Cited by 43 publications

References 74 publications

Exploring the Particle Reconfiguration in the Metallic Materials under the Pulsed Electric Current

Exploring the Particle Reconfiguration in the Metallic Materials under the Pulsed Electric Current

Experiments of eliminating the destructive effects of excessive Fe inclusions for Al secondary products

Separation of electrically neutral non-metallic inclusions from molten steel by pulsed electric current

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