Application of electron beam to treatment of wastewater from papermill

Gamma radiation/H2O2 treatment of a nonylphenol ethoxylates: Degradation, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity evaluation

“…The source was calibrated using ferrous sulphate solution Fricke dosimeter system and dose rate was calculated by relation shown in Eq. (6) [23] and at the time of sample irradiation, doserate was 1.25 kGy h −1 (March, 2011). Air tight Pyrex glass test tubes (20 mL capacity) containing 10 mL sample were used for irradiation.…”

“…These facts certainly demand the development of an efficient, cost effective, and green technique for the degradation and detoxification of toxic environmental pollutants [21]. The ionizing radiation has been tried for degradation of recalcitrant compounds [22,23] and resultantly, a significant reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), TOC, COD, and toxicity have been achieved [13,15,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The radiation based AOP are efficient as compared to other treatment methods [16,[34][35][36].…”

Treatment of paper mill effluents in a batch-stirred electrochemical tank reactor

“…Pulp and paper wastewater treatment systems have been the subject of many research projects [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] in which different techniques including physical, chemical and biological methods have been applied with variety of shortcomings. Physical and chemical processes are quite expensive and remove high molecular weight chlorinated lignins, color, toxicants, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand.…”

Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater by polyacrylamide (PAM) in polymer induced flocculation

“…Numerous physico-chemical processes such as ozonization, electronbeam and ultrafiltration have also been developed [15][16][17][18], often in combination with coagulation. Chemical coagulation, using alum, ferric chloride, ferric sulphate and lime have been studied extensively [19][20][21].…”