Application of enzyme field-effect transistors for determination of glucose concentrations in blood serum

Recent advances in biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs)

“…Some of these problems can be removed or at least reduced by applying additional charged polymeric membranes (e.g., Nafion or poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene)) on top of the enzyme membrane, which control the substrate and product diffusion. 93,100,103,104,113,115 Such approaches have been used in order to reduce the influence of the buffer and salt concentration on the sensor response, to extend the dynamic range and to increase the sensitivity of glucose- 93 and urea-sensitive 103 EnFETs. However, this concept is not universal.…”

“…With regard to possible practical applications, EnFETs were utilised for the determination of glucose in blood serum 100 and urine, 94 urea in blood serum 102,104,107 and in hemodialysis fluids. 102 Moreover, an EnFET-based transcutaneous blood glucose monitoring system has been realised and applied to diabetic patients.…”

Nanomaterial‐Based Label‐Free Aptasensors

“…Both n-and p-type FET devices can be produced with well-defined and reproducible high-performance properties (Zheng et al, 2004). These reproducible structural and electronic characteristics of the silicon nanowires, which contrast the current state of CNT devices, have provided a strong platform for numerous biosensing schemes (Souteyrand et al, 1997;Dzyadevich, 1999;Cui et al, 2001a;Fritz et al, 2002;Schoning and Poghissian, 2002;Hahm and Lieber, 2004;Wang et al, 2005;Patolsky et al, 2006;Ster et al, 2007). FET-based devices are attractive alternatives to existing biosensor technologies, because they are readily applicable to on-chip integration of arrays with a well-defined signal-processing scheme, and most important, mass production of devices can be made at low cost.…”

“…FET-based devices are attractive alternatives to existing biosensor technologies, because they are readily applicable to on-chip integration of arrays with a well-defined signal-processing scheme, and most important, mass production of devices can be made at low cost. Moreover, thermodynamical analysis demonstrated that the surface electrostatics of the FET device would significantly affect DNA and protein detection (Souteyrand et al, 1997;Dzyadevich, 1999;Cui et al, 2001a;Fritz et al, 2002;Schoning and Poghissian, 2002;Hahm and Lieber, 2004;Wang et al, 2005;Patolsky et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2007;Ster et al, 2007). The most attractive property of FET-based biosensors is the ability to control the surface charge, which enables manipulation of the charged biomolecules on the surface (Souteyrand et al, 1997;Dzyadevich, 1999;Cui et al, 2001a;Fritz et al, 2002;Schoning and Poghissian, 2002;Hahm and Lieber, 2004;Wang et al, 2005;Patolsky et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2007;Ster et al, 2007).…”

Biosensors based on enzyme field-effect transistors for determination of some substrates and inhibitors

“…The application of this technique for the improvement of enzyme electrodes has also been proposed [38,39]. The possibility of overcoming these difficulties through a more simple way has been investigated in the case of the glucose and urea biosensor [40,41,42,43,44]. It was shown that characteristics such as dependence of the sensor response on buffer and salt concentration, sensitivity, detection limit, reproducibility and operational stability of biosensors based on ENFETs can be improved by using permselective additional membranes having different properties in terms of electrical charge.…”