Application of Fish Collagen-Nanochitosan-Henna Extract Composites for the Control of Skin Pathogens and Accelerating Wound Healing

Abstract

Skin is the largest protective organ that could be recurrently wounded and attacked by microorganisms. The wounded skin safeguarding and supporting were intended through natural derivatives. Fish collagen (Cg) type I, extracted from sea bream (Spondyliosoma cantharus), chitosan nanoparticles (NCht) from shrimp shells, and henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) leaves extract (He) were produced and physiochemically characterized. The antimicrobial potentialities of these compounds and their composites were assessed toward skin pathogens (Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus) using various assaying methods and microimaging techniques. The infrared and electrophoretic analysis of Cg validated its characteristics, and the IR-spectroscopic analysis of the compounds/composites indicated their physiochemical attributes and interrelations. The produced NCht particles had a diameter range of 64.6-308.8 nm, 104 nm mean diameter, and +31.3 mV zeta potentiality. Both NCht, He, and NCht/He composite exhibited significant antimicrobial potentiality toward skin pathogens; NCht/He was the strongest with inhibitory concentrations of 20.0 and 22.5 μg/mL and inhibition zones of 25.7 and 26.8 mm against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. The electron micrographs verified the synergistic microbicidal action of NCht/He, as they led to severe microbial lysis and deformations. The skin wounds’ treatment with NCht/He/Cg composite promoted the fastest and complete healing of wounded rats’ skin during 8 days of local treatment, with the absence of inflammation and infection signs; treated with NCht/He/Cg composite, the wound area vastly reduced from 63.6 mm2 to 15.9 and 9.1 mm2 after 2 and 4 days, respectively. The natural NCht/He/Cg composites are recommended as topical applications for optimum skin disinfection and regeneration.

The Expanded Role of Chitosan in Localized Antimicrobial Therapy

“…Propolis-CMPs inhibited biofilm formation and improved eradication of preformed biofilm in E. faecalis [142], melatonin loaded in chitosan/poloxamer NPs demonstrated antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [143], essential oil of Homalomena pineodora in CNPs, generated greater inhibition zones in a range of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts [144], and CNPs with Henna extract improved antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans [145].…”

Oak gall extract: Molecular docking of wound healing and control of the skin pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

“…Topical antibiotics are used for managing of burn/wound; however, finding new medication with higher efficacy and lower side effects is still considered as a priority (Dwivedi et al 2017;Tayel et al 2021). Umachigi et al (2008) reported that wound healing and repair was enhanced by applying QIE, e.g.…”

“…The skin being the largest body organ, it plays several vital roles, such as protection, thermoregulation, secretory and sensory activities (Njoroge and Bussmann 2007;Tayel et al 2021). Therefore, topical wounds and skin infections require great attention to prevent secondary complications caused by microbial invasion.…”

“…It is believed that medicinal plant extracts (PE) have lower cytotoxicity, with variety of phytochemicals that might act synergistically inhibiting many microorganisms with no resistance development (Yin et al 2018). Fabrications of wound healing formulations based on plants' extracts and biopolymers were recommended as effective treatments for injured tissues besides their action as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents (Tottoli et al 2020;Tayel et al 2021). Accordingly, the main objective of current study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of selected medicinal plant extracts (PE), against the two skin pathogens S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231), using qualitative and quantitative methods.…”

Collagen Biopolymer in Textile Wet Processing

“…Collagen molecules become more positively charged in acidic environments, and this positive charge helps their solubilization by producing repulsion among tropocollagen molecules. [17] Organic acids, including i) acetic acid (CH3COOH) [20,21], ii) citric acid (C6H8O7) [22], iii) tartaric acid (C4H6O6) and iv) chloroacetic acid and inorganic acids such as i) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ii) formic acid (CH2O2), are used for the isolation of collagen. [4] Organic acids, on the other hand, are more successful than inorganic acids at cleaving the crosslinks of collagen molecules, resulting in better collagen extractability.…”