Application of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for Research into Biomass Feed-Stocks

Allison, Gordon

doi:10.5772/15785

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…FTIR spectra derived from biological material (e.g., whole cells) typically present superimposed spectra of individual chemical components, which can be difficult to deconvolute. Multivariate data analysis is a powerful tool for the interpretation of these complex spectral data and allows prediction of the chemical composition in the sample by reducing its dimensionality [33]. In principal component analysis (PCA), the maximal variation of the data is identified along principal components (latent variables), which can be used to detect spectral (and thus chemical) differences between samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, ATR–FTIR (attenuated total reflection–FTIR) spectroscopy was used to quantitatively assess species-specific changes of protein, lipid and carbohydrate content in the biomass of six natural Nordic microalgal strains [31] and one culture collection (control) strain during progressive nitrogen starvation. During ATR–FTIR spectroscopic measurements, infrared radiation reflected by a crystal with high refractive index is partially absorbed by the sample and finally collected by a detector [32,33]. In the current investigation, freeze-dried algal biomass was directly applied on the diamond crystal to avoid time-consuming sample pre-processing plaguing other FT–IR spectroscopic techniques, which often even cause non-uniform samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Methods for Rapid Quantification of Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates in Nordic Microalgal Species Using ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy is a simple, cheap, and fast method to collect chemical compositional information from microalgae. However, (semi)quantitative evaluation of the collected data can be daunting. In this work, ATR–FTIR spectroscopy was used to monitor changes of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content in seven green microalgae grown under nitrogen starvation. Three statistical methods—univariate linear regression analysis (ULRA), orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS), and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR–ALS)—were compared in their ability to model and predict the concentration of these compounds in the biomass. OPLS was found superior, since it i) included all three compounds simultaneously; ii) explained variations in the data very well; iii) had excellent prediction accuracy for proteins and lipids, and acceptable for carbohydrates; and iv) was able to discriminate samples based on cultivation stage and type of storage compounds accumulated in the cells. ULRA models worked well for the determination of proteins and lipids, but carbohydrates could only be estimated if already determined protein contents were used for scaling. Results obtained by MCR–ALS were similar to ULRA, however, this method is considerably easier to perform and interpret than the more abstract statistical/chemometric methods. FTIR-spectroscopy-based models allow high-throughput, cost-effective, and rapid estimation of biomass composition of green microalgae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Methods for Rapid Quantification of Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates in Nordic Microalgal Species Using ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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“…Two main infrared regions can be used for analyses depending on the type of interaction with the molecules: near-infrared (range from 10,000 to 4000 cm À1 ) and mid-infrared (mid-IR; range from 4000 to 600 cm À1 ). In the present paper, the latter was coupled to attenuated total reflectance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), resulting in time analysis and signal-to-noise ratio decrease (Gordon, 2011). The main drawback of ATR-FT-IR is the need to apply significant pressure to the analysed samples, which results in their destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of hybrid larch somatic embryo maturation by biochemical analyses and by a novel, fast mid‐infrared approach

Savane

Belmokhtar

Delile

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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The morphology of somatic embryos (SE) is not a sufficient criterion to determine the level of maturation and the optimal stage to transfer embryos for germination, unlike the biochemical components. This composition characterization in the laboratory is too restrictive to be considered at each maturation cycle, as would be necessary. It is, therefore, essential to consider alternative methods. The objectives of this work were to achieve a complete biochemical characterization of the embryos during their development, to serve as a reference and develop a characterization based on infrared spectrometry and chemometrics. During the precotyledonary stage (0–3 weeks of maturation), water content and glucose and fructose levels were high, which is consistent with SE development. After 4 weeks, the cotyledonary SE had a metabolism oriented towards the storage accumulation of lipids, proteins and starch, whereas raffinose only appeared from 8 weeks. Mid‐infrared calibration models were developed for water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, glucose, fructose, inositols, raffinose, stachyose and starch contents with an r2 average of 0.84. A model was also developed to discriminate the weeks of SE maturation. Different classes of age were discriminated with at least 72% of accuracy. Infrared analysis of the SE based on their full biochemical spectral fingerprint revealed a very slight variation in composition between 7 and 9 weeks, information that is very difficult to obtain by conventional analysis methods. These results provide novel insights into the maturation of conifer SE and indicate that mid‐infrared spectrometry could be an easy and effective method for SE characterization.

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“…Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is complementary to predictive near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Indeed, MIR spectroscopy targets the fundamental vibrations of the molecules, which gives a good visualization of the molecular bonds present in the sample (Bertrand and Dufour, 2006;Allison, 2011) and also to assign variations in the absorbance at a given wavenumber to a class of compounds (McCann et al, 1992;Kacurakova and Wilson, 2001). For example, FTIR spectroscopy was used to discriminate between different Arabidopsis cell wall mutants (Chen et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATR-FTIR Microspectroscopy Brings a Novel Insight Into the Study of Cell Wall Chemistry at the Cellular Level

et al. 2020

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Wood is a complex tissue that fulfills three major functions in trees: water conduction, mechanical support and nutrient storage. In Angiosperm trees, vessels, fibers and parenchyma rays are respectively assigned to these functions. Cell wall composition and structure strongly varies according to cell type, developmental stages and environmental conditions. This complexity can therefore hinder the study of the molecular mechanisms of wood formation, underlying the construction of its properties. However, this can be circumvented thanks to the development of cell-specific approaches and microphenotyping. Here, we present a non-destructive microphenotyping method based on attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We applied this technique to three types of poplar wood: normal wood of staked trees (NW), tension and opposite wood of artificially tilted trees (TW, OW). TW is produced by angiosperm trees in response to mechanical strains and is characterized by the presence of G fibers, exhibiting a thick gelatinous extralayer, named G-layer, located in place of the usual S2 and/or S3 layers. By contrast, OW located on the opposite side of the trunk is totally deprived of fibers with G-layers. We developed a workflow for hyperspectral image analysis with both automatic pixel clustering according to cell wall types and identification of differentially absorbed wavenumbers (DAWNs). As pixel clustering failed to assign pixels to ray S-layers with sufficient efficiency, the IR profiling and identification of DAWNs were restricted to fiber and vessel cell walls. As reported elsewhere, this workflow identified cellulose as the main component of the G-layers, while the amount in acetylated xylans and lignins were shown to be reduced. These results validate ATR-FTIR technique for in situ characterization of G layers. In addition, this study brought new information about IR profiling of S-layers in TW, OW and NW. While OW and NW exhibited similar profiles, TW fibers S-layers combined characteristics of TW G-layers and of regular fiber S-layers. Unexpectedly, vessel S-layers of the three kinds of wood showed significant differences in IR profiling. In conclusion, ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy offers new possibilities for studying cell wall composition at the cell level.

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Application of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for Research into Biomass Feed-Stocks

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

Statistical Methods for Rapid Quantification of Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates in Nordic Microalgal Species Using ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy

Statistical Methods for Rapid Quantification of Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates in Nordic Microalgal Species Using ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy

Characterization of hybrid larch somatic embryo maturation by biochemical analyses and by a novel, fast mid‐infrared approach

ATR-FTIR Microspectroscopy Brings a Novel Insight Into the Study of Cell Wall Chemistry at the Cellular Level

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