Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of chemical warfare samples, found to contain residues of the nerve agent sarin, sulphur mustard and their degradation products

Black, Robin M.; Clarke, Raymond J.; Read, Robert W.; Reid, Michael T.J.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)80518-0

Cited by 283 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Elimination of an alkyl radical from nitrogen was not as conspicuous as for DAPCs; nevertheless, it gave rise to fragment ion [4] with low relative abundances for most compounds. Further elimination of HF from [4] rationalized the formation of ion [5], with still lower relative abundances.…”

Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The ions [1] and [2] further decomposed via a McLafferty rearrangement to yield the ion [3] if the remaining alkyl group had a g-hydrogen (entries 5-10 for ion [3], Table 4). The ion [3] fragmented further by expulsion of HCl, generating the ion [4] with m/z 110 and/or 124 depending on the alkyl substitution on nitrogen. When both the alkyl groups were straight chains, only the ion m/z 110 was produced (entries 5, 6 and 8, Table 4).…”

Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If both straight and branched alkyl chains were present on the nitrogen, both the m/z 110 and 124 ions were observed (entries 7 and 10, Table 4), and, if both alkyl substituents were isopropyl groups, only m/z 124 was formed (entry 9, Table 4). Similarly, the precursor ion for [4], i.e. [3], also had characteristic m/z values depending on the nature of the alkyl substitution on nitrogen.…”

Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further elimination of HF from [4] rationalized the formation of ion [5], with still lower relative abundances. The ions m/z 101, 85, and 69 could be regarded as markers for DAPFs, as they were characteristically present in EI spectra of all compounds (entries 1-10 for ions [6], [7] and [8], Table 5).…”

Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VX); these have been reported to have been used in the recent past. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The proliferation of CWAs is prohibited by an international treaty known as the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) that has been in force since April 1997. 9,10 The annex listing in the chemicals of the CWC consists of three schedules based on the toxicity, past use as CWAs, and commercial applicability of chemicals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass spectral analysis of synthones of nerve agents for verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention

Gupta

Shakya

Pardasani

et al. 2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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This communication describes the synthesis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of N,N-dialkylphosphoramidic dihalides and alkylphosphonic difluorides, which are synthones of nerve agents. The study was undertaken with a view to developing a spectral database of these compounds for verification purposes of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). The modified synthetic approach reported here has advantages over traditional syntheses in terms of time and yield. GC/MS analysis of these synthones yielded electron ionization (EI) mass spectra and, based on these spectra, generalized fragmentation routes are proposed that rationalize most of the characteristic ions.

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Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ei-ms Of Nerve Agent Synthones For the Chemical Weapons Convmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass spectral analysis of synthones of nerve agents for verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention

Gupta

Shakya

Pardasani

et al. 2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Nachweis chemischer Kampfstoffe anhand des Abbauprodukts Methylphosphonsäure

et al. 1999

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Methylphosphonsäure (MPA) ist das Abbauprodukt vieler chemischer Kampfstoffe. Ihr einfacher Nachweis wäre bei Geländeuntersuchungen hilfreich, um die illegale Herstellung und den Einsatz verbotener chemischer Waffen nachzuweisen. MPA ließ sich effektiv mit einer aromatischen Diazoverbindung funktionalisieren, und das dabei erhaltene Derivat wurde von monoklonalen Antikörpern gebunden, die mit Hilfe eines analogen Haptens erzeugt worden waren (siehe Schema). Die Messung mittels ELISA war schnell, empfindlich und spezifisch.

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Capillary Electrophoresis in Detection of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Boulet¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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This article describes the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to the analysis of compounds relevant to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). CE is an analytical technique that employs narrow‐bore, fused‐silica capillaries to perform high‐efficiency separations of analytes based on their mobilities in an electric field. In CE, analytes are dissolved in a buffer solution and placed in a capillary to which an electric field is applied. The analytes then migrate at a rate determined by their charge and size and are detected as they migrate past a detector. CE can analyze a broad range of compounds and is particularly applicable to the analysis of water‐soluble degradation products of scheduled compounds under the CWC. Compounds typically analyzed by CE include the hydrolysis products of nerve agents such as the alkylphosphonates and hydrolytic or oxidative products of the sulfur mustards such as thiodiglycol. The alkyphosphonates require the use of indirect ultraviolet (UV) detection or other detection methods as they do not possess a suitable UV chromophore. Degradation products of the sulfur mustards have been analyzed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and direct UV detection. The ability of CE to analyze anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and neutral CWC‐related compounds, whether they be chemical warfare (CW) degradation products or scheduled starting materials, without the requirement for elaborate sample processing or labeling procedures, is an important demonstration of the utility of CE for the analysis of CWC‐related compounds. CE can be an important screening method for rapid sample processing and further analysis for unambiguous identification. The relative ease of analysis should also increase its utility in field and on‐site analysis where minimizing the logistic burden is attractive.

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Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of chemical warfare samples, found to contain residues of the nerve agent sarin, sulphur mustard and their degradation products

Cited by 283 publications

References 19 publications

Mass spectral analysis of synthones of nerve agents for verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention

Mass spectral analysis of synthones of nerve agents for verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention

Nachweis chemischer Kampfstoffe anhand des Abbauprodukts Methylphosphonsäure

Capillary Electrophoresis in Detection of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

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