Application of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver, and its morbidity and mortality have been increasing in recent years. The early diagnosis and prompt treatment of small HCC are crucial to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. In China, hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause. HCC with a single tumor nodule of ≤ 3 cm in diameter, or HCC with a number of nodules, in which each nodule is ≤ 2 cm in diameter, with a total diameter of ≤ 3 cm, is considered as small HCC. The MRI liver-specific contrast agent can detect small HCC at the early stage. This has important clinical implications for improving the survival rate of patients. Main body: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of HBV-related small hepatocellular carcinoma, providing an important basis for the clinical selection of appropriate personalized treatment. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can reflect the degree of HCC differentiation, and the evaluation of HCC on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI would be helpful for the selection of the treatment and prognosis of HCC patients. The present study reviews the progress of the application of Gd-EOB-DTPA in the early diagnosis of small HCC, its clinical treatment, the prediction of the degree of differentiation, and the assessment of recurrence and prognosis of HCC, including the pharmacoeconomics and application limitations of Gd-EOB-DTPA. The value of the application of HCC with the Gd-EOB-DTPA was summarized to provide information for improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival of patients. Conclusion: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI has the diagnostic capability for small HCC with a diameter of ≤ 2 cm. This will have a broader application prospect in the early diagnosis of small liver cancer with a diameter of ≤ 1 cm in the future. The relationship between GD-EOB-DTPA-MRI and the degree of HCC differentiation has a large research space, and Gd-EOB-DTPA is expected to become a potential tool for the preoperative prediction and postoperative evaluation of HCC, which would be beneficial for more appropriate treatments for HCC patients.

Value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for microvascular invasion of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study

“…Therefore, this particular agent can deliver more information about the HCC from AP, PVP, EP and HBP. It is more effective than traditional MRI in diagnosing early HCC and sHCC [ 28 ], especially in the detection of tiny lesions [ 29 ]. Meanwhile, because of the background of high uptake of normal liver tissue on HBP, the morphology of the tumor appears much clearly [ 30 ].…”

Deep-learning-based analysis of preoperative MRI predicts microvascular invasion and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Currently, preoperative prediction of MVI remains challenging, despite several studies claimed that imaging features extracted from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 16 – 18 ], as well as serum metabolites [ 19 ] were predictive of MVI. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI has been widely used in clinical liver neoplasia examinations, due to its high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting small HCC lesions with a diameter ≤ 2.0 cm [ 20 ]. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI was reported to have a high value in predicting presence of MVI in HCC [ 21 ].…”

Feasibility Study of Intelligent Three-Dimensional Accurate Liver Reconstruction Technology Based on MRI Data

“…The most widely used clinical contrast agents are gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetria mine pentaacetic acid (GD-EOB-DTPA) whose trade names are prometaxel and gadobenate dimeglumine (GD-BOPTA). It is found ( 10 , 11 ) that both MODIS and promethicin can be ingested by hepatocytes and excreted into the biliary system, which can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of related liver cancer. They are mainly used for the diagnosis of focal lesions in the liver, especially for the detection of small lesions and the identification of benign and malignant nodules ( 12 ).…”