2006
DOI: 10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2006)132:3(240)
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Application of Graded Finite Elements for Asphalt Pavements

Abstract: Asphalt paving layers, particularly the surface course, exhibit vertically graded material properties. This grading is caused primarily by temperature gradients and aging related stiffness gradients. Most conventional existing analysis models do not directly account for the continuous grading of properties in flexible pavement layers. As a result, conventional analysis methods may lead to inaccurate prediction of pavement responses and distress under traffic and environmental loading. In this paper, a theoreti… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(18 citation statements)
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References 10 publications
(6 reference statements)
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“…Although the displacements predicted by both the graded element and the layered model are close to each other and are in a good accordance with the analytical solutions. The results presented above are consistent with those known in [14] and [19].…”
Section: Element Performance For Mechanical Problemssupporting
confidence: 92%
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“…Although the displacements predicted by both the graded element and the layered model are close to each other and are in a good accordance with the analytical solutions. The results presented above are consistent with those known in [14] and [19].…”
Section: Element Performance For Mechanical Problemssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…In (25)K I J are submatrices of the coupled Jacobian matrix including the corresponding matrices in (19), ∆U u and ∆U θ are respective corrections referring to the solution vectors for displacements U u and temperature U θ , respectively. Note that the system Jacobian matrix is nonsymmetric Therefore, the system of linear algebraic equations (22) should be solved using the unsymmetrical matrix storage and solution scheme at each iteration within each time step.…”
Section: Finite Element Formulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…For modeling the Young's modulus in a desired direction, the subroutine UMAT Abaqus was used 14 . The routine is written in FORTRAN language and runs in parallel with the Abaqus solver.…”
Section: Finite Element Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Particularly interesting examples are bone and bamboo [1], while homogeneous materials can become (unintentionally) graded over their service lifetimes; e.g. the aging of asphalt [2,3]. Other examples of induced grading include materials exposed to radiation (nuclear reactors) or hydrogen environments.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%