Application of graphene oxide in the adsorption and extraction of bioactive compounds from lemon peel

Abstract

The bioactive compounds like rutin, naringin, and gallic acid have been separated from lemon peel by graphene oxide (GO). The different influences such as pH values and separation conditions were investigated. Moreover, the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and high‐performance liquid chromatography. The findings of high‐performance liquid chromatography revealed that the adsorbed proportion of rutin by GO was more than naringin and gallic acid so that 66.7% of rutin, 34% of naringin, and 19% of gallic acid from the extract were remarkably adsorbed and separated. Besides, adsorption percentage of these materials by GO was considered 74.8% after five cycles of adsorption–desorption process. On the other hand, we carried out batch experiments in order to study the adsorption mechanism of rutin on the GO since rutin was the highest quantity of bioactive substance in lemon peel. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm were the best models for describing adsorption process of rutin by GO. Adsorption capacity of rutin by GO was obtained about 21.08 mgg−1. In addition, the physical adsorption of rutin by GO was confirmed by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm. This research confirmed that this method for separation of flavonoids is simple and less cost.

Monolayer Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin on Magnetic Inulin/Mg–Zn–Al Layered Double Hydroxide: Advanced Interpretation of the Adsorption Process

“…Ciprofloxacin may represent substantial hazards to humans and the ecosystem (by developing and inducing antibiotic resistant bacteria) due to its poor biodegradability and high ecotoxicity, while being present at extremely low concentrations. − Therefore, ciprofloxacin must be eliminated from wastewater to an acceptable level before being released into the drainage system . Sorption is an appealing and effective approach for its simplicity of usage, cheap, and high efficiency, when compared to the other techniques such as membrane technology, advanced oxidation, and catalytic degradation. − Sorption of ciprofloxacin, picric acid, and other organic compounds were reported by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bloated micelles and merged CTAB/bolaamphiphiles self-assembled vesicles, multiwalled carbon nanotubes/EDTA/carboxymethylcellulose and graphene oxide, respectively. − …”

Synthesis of NiO-Doped ZnO Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid for Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Bisphenol A in Aqueous Samples

“…Among different surface functionalizing agents, the research on metal oxide nanoparticles has recently gained momentum mainly because of their benign and highly catalytic nature, good stability, and cost-effectiveness . Metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit a wide range of applications in different areas of modern science, such as electrochemical sensors, energy storage, supercapacitors, adsorption, photocatalysis, drug delivery, biotechnology, , separation sciences, and electronics. ,− Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are n-type semiconductor materials that exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a wide band gap (3.7 eV), nontoxic nature, low-cost, and outstanding properties such as high surface area and extraordinary mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. , Due to these excellent properties, the ZnO-NPs are being extensively employed in various advanced fields, viz catalysis, photonic detectors, photovoltaics, optoelectronics devices, polarized light-emitting devices, and sensors. − In addition, nickel oxide (NiO) is a p-type semiconductor material with a band gap ranging from 3.6 to 4.0 eV . NiO-NPs have exceptional properties, such as high surface area, optical stability, variable oxidation state, high power density, large theoretical capacitance, fast electron transport, excellent electrical, mechanical and catalytic properties, etc.…”

“…84−86 Among different surface functionalizing agents, the research on metal oxide nanoparticles has recently gained momentum mainly because of their benign and highly catalytic nature, good stability, and cost-effectiveness. 87 Metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit a wide range of applications in different areas of modern science, such as electrochemical sensors, 88 energy storage, 89 supercapacitors, 90 adsorption, 91 photocatalysis, 92 drug delivery, 93 biotechnology, 56,94 separation sciences, and electronics. 93,95−97 Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are ntype semiconductor materials that exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a wide band gap (3.7 eV), nontoxic nature, lowcost, and outstanding properties such as high surface area and extraordinary mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties.…”

Obtenção de extrato rico em compostos fenólicos da casca do limão (Citrus limon L.) usando métodos emergentes de extração e solventes alternativos

“…It is well documented that lemon peel presents a significant proportion of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids represented by the flavanone group, including hesperidin, narirutin, naringin, and naringenin, and the flavone group such as diosmin Ozcan ¨ et al, 2021;Sharif Nasirian et al, 2021). These compounds are associated with an important antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and hepatoprotective activities.…”