Application of GUITAR on the Negative Electrode of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Improved V3+/2+ Heterogeneous Electron Transfer with Reduced Hydrogen Gassing

Kabir, Humayun; Gyan, Isaiah O.; Foutch, Jeremy D.; Zhu, Haoyu; Cheng, I. Francis

doi:10.3390/c2020013

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This adds to the evidence that pyridinic and pyrrolic groups enhance ORR kinetics . This selective doping may be due to the relatively high degree of disorder within the lattice of GUITAR, which minimizes graphitic N. − , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The data are summarized in Table . The reduction in BET surface area from KB to N′-GUITAR/KB indicates that the GUITAR coating fills in the pores of the substrate . The N′-GUITAR/KB surface area lies within the range of literature ORR electrocatalysts. ,,,,,− For the N-doped electrocatalyst, the ECSA is based on non-faradaic capacitive current in 0.1 M KOH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These differences include electron transfer with the Fe(CN) 6 4–/3– probe that is equally fast at both the basal and edge planes, the resistance to corrosion that equals sp 3 carbon electrodes, and a hydrogen overpotential that is 0.5 V greater than that of other pure sp 2 C materials. , It has the best combination of resistance to corrosion and fast heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) of any electrode material . These properties lend themselves well to electrochemical energy applications, including fuel cells …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Stable, Low-Cost Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst Based on Nitrogen-Doped Pseudo-Graphite

et al. 2021

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There have been many advancements in the search for an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst that exhibits strong performance and exceptional durability using low-cost materials. Although recent advancements have focused on matching or surpassing the ORR performance of Pt/C, exploring ways to improve the durability of electrocatalysts on longer time scales has not been adequately addressed. In this work, a high-performance and stable ORR electrocatalyst was produced using a simple nitrogen-doping protocol on GUITAR (pseudo-Graphite from the University of Idaho Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction)-coated Ketjen black (N′-GUITAR/KB). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates selective doping of pyridinic and pyrrolic moieties (total N abundance of 0.9%). Voltammetric experiments in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH indicate that the electrocatalyst is exceptionally stable and one of the highest performers regarding overvoltage and current density. The system maintained its electrocatalytic performance throughout the Department of Energy stress protocol, which consists of 30,000 convective cyclic voltammetry cycles in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH. This remarkable stability, along with the low-cost synthesis, represents an important milestone in overcoming the challenges that prevent wide-scale adoption of fuel cell technology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Stable, Low-Cost Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst Based on Nitrogen-Doped Pseudo-Graphite

et al. 2021

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“…The aqueous anodic and cathodic limits notably exceed those of other graphitic carbons, which results in better corrosion resistance relative to other graphitic materials [2,4]. These features make GUITAR an excellent candidate for use in applications such as sensors [5], energy storage and conversion [6], and water purification [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing a Single Silica Nanospring as an Insulating Support to Characterize the Electrical Transport and Morphology of Nanocrystalline Graphite

et al. 2019

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A graphitic carbon, referred to as graphite from the University of Idaho thermolyzed asphalt reaction (GUITAR), was coated in silica nanosprings and silicon substrates via the pyrolysis of commercial roofing tar at 800 °C in an inert atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicate that GUITAR is an agglomeration of carbon nanospheres formed by the accretion of graphitic flakes into a ~100 nm layer. Raman spectroscopic analyses, in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, indicate that GUITAR has a nanocrystalline structure consisting of ~1–5 nm graphitic flakes interconnected by amorphous sp3 bonded carbon. The electrical resistivities of 11 single GUITAR-coated nanospring devices were measured over a temperature range of 10–80 °C. The average resistivity of all 11 devices at 20 °C was 4.3 ± 1.3 × 10−3 Ω m. The GUITAR coated nanospring devices exhibited an average negative temperature coefficient of resistivity at 20 °C of −0.0017 ± 0.00044 °C−1, which is consistent with the properties of nanocrystalline graphite.

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“…Two papers in this issue specifically examine the HET rates for carbon electrodes with aqueous redox species. One study examines the HET rate with V 3+/2+ for application in the proposed application of the vanadium redox flow battery [1]. The carbon material of this investigation, GUITAR (Graphene from the University of Idaho Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction) superficially resembles a crystalline graphite but with much improved HET kinetics across its basal plane.…”

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confidence: 99%

Batteries: Recent Advances in Carbon Materials

Cheng¹

2017

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We welcome readers to this Special Issue of C. From the standpoint of economics of energy storage, carbon electrodes offer the practicality of large-scale applications with the promise of improved performance. Key to increases in energy storage and power delivery are the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rates with dissolved redox species. Perhaps the most common allotrope of carbon, graphite suffers from slow HET kinetics across its basal plane. Two papers in this issue specifically examine the HET rates for carbon electrodes with aqueous redox species. One study examines the HET rate with V 3+/2+ for application in the proposed application of the vanadium redox flow battery [1]. The carbon material of this investigation, GUITAR (Graphene from the University of Idaho Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction) superficially resembles a crystalline graphite but with much improved HET kinetics across its basal plane. Paradoxically, it was found that parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction rates were slower on GUITAR's basal plane relative to graphite's. The second paper examines various carbon materials in the application of mediatorless sulfide sensing [2]. An edge plane material, glassy carbon (GC) and carbon screen printed electrodes (SPE) proved to be kinetically the fastest in the electro-oxidation of sulfide when compared with other carbon materials. The basal plane graphite electrode was voltammetrically non-responsive towards sulfide. Sensor fouling by irreversible sulfide adsorption afflicted both GC and SPE, however the latter offers the ability of one-shot disposable analyses with greater reproducibility over the former.The importance of carbon materials in batteries cannot be underemphasized, especially in the area of ion intercalation anodes. It is remarkable that the lithium ion battery has seen its energy density increase by a few hundred percent since its introduction in 1991 with the market growing to over $20 billion (2016) in the US alone. Applications range from personal electronic devices, automotive to grid-level storage. The Li ion graphite anode offers a theoretical storage capacity of 372 mA·h/g. There is ongoing research into the materials that offer an increase over that quantity while maintaining cycling capacity. Bhat et al. describe the formation of B-C-N ceramics as lithium ion intercalation anodes. The BC 4 N material demonstrates a stable capacity of 500 mA·h/g over 135 cycles [3]. While the Li ion storage mechanism is not fully characterized, the authors hypothesize that boron can act as an electron acceptor giving fast Li ion diffusion through the disordered network of doped carbon. Sodium ion offers a cost-effective alternative to Li + . The review in this issue offers insights into the considerations for sodium ion anodes [4]. As Na is a larger ion, it is less favorable to insertion than Li. The d 002 spacing (i.e., between graphene layers) of graphite is 3.34 Å. This review explores the literature aimed at increasing that spacing with empirical methods of deriving carbons from biomasses....

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Application of GUITAR on the Negative Electrode of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Improved V3+/2+ Heterogeneous Electron Transfer with Reduced Hydrogen Gassing

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Highly Stable, Low-Cost Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst Based on Nitrogen-Doped Pseudo-Graphite

Highly Stable, Low-Cost Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst Based on Nitrogen-Doped Pseudo-Graphite

Utilizing a Single Silica Nanospring as an Insulating Support to Characterize the Electrical Transport and Morphology of Nanocrystalline Graphite

Batteries: Recent Advances in Carbon Materials

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