Application of headspace solid‐phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to determine esters of carboxylic acids and other volatile compounds inDermestes maculatusandDermestes aterlipids

Abstract

A constant problem in veterinary medicine, human healthcare, agriculture, forestry and horticulture is the large number of pests, and the lack of effective methods to combat them which cause no harm to the rest of the environment. It is recommended and desired to reduce the use of chemicals and increase the use of agents based on knowledge acquired in the fields of biology, chemistry and agrochemicals. To learn the defense mechanisms of insects we should consider not only the site of their physiological ability to protect against external factors (cuticle), but also the possibility of chemical protection, formed by all compounds on the surface and in the body of insects. In this study, a procedure was developed to determine the esters of carboxylic acids in insect lipids. Headspace solid-phase microextraction was followed by gas chromatography coupled with gas spectrometry. First, the best conditions were selected for the analysis to obtain the best chromatographic separation. An RTx-5 column was used for this purpose. Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) and polyacrylate fibers were used to isolate acid esters. PDMS/DVB fiber achieved the best conditions for the extraction; the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 105°C and the desorption time was 10 min at 230°C. These solid-phase microextraction conditions were used to analyze volatile compounds extracted from insects belonging to the Dermestidae family.

SPME‐GC/MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds Contained in the Insect Larvae of Tenebrio molitor and Leptinotarsa decemlineata before and after Using Insecticides

“…The extraction of volatile compounds from the free space of the samples was performed using PDMS/CAR/DVB fiber (polydimethylsiloxane/carboxen/divinylbenzene). The extraction time for the fiber was 40 min; the extraction temperature was 105 °C …”

“…The analyses were performed with a Shimadzu QP 2010s gas chromatograph using a ZB5 capillary column (Zebron 30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 mm) . Analysis conditions: carrier gas, helium; analysis time, 55 min; desorption time, 5 min; analysis temperature, 250 °C; column temperature, 40 °C; temperature of analysis, 40 °C to 250 °C with an increase of 6 °C/min; ion source temperature, 200 °C; interface temperature, 250 °C …”

Sampling technique biases in the analysis of fruit fly volatiles: a case study of Queensland fruit fly

“…PDMS fibers are widely used for collection of non-polar compounds 6,[26][27][28] . Polyacrylate (PA) has a high affinity to more polar compounds and hence has been used for polar semiochemicals 29,30 . PDMS/divinylbenzene (DVB), a mixed-phase coating that covers a broader spectrum due to their distinct polarity, has also been used for collection of semiochemicals 19,20,29,[31][32][33] .…”

Main Allelochemicals from the Rhizosphere Soil of Saussurea lappa (Decne.) Sch. Bip. and Their Effects on Plants’ Antioxidase Systems

“…In previous reports about allelopathy [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], crude extract from plants was usually considered to be allelochemical. However, the crude extract should not be the actual allelochemicals of the plants, because allelochemicals are compounds released by plants into the environment.…”

“…According to the release ways of allelochemicals, including root exudates, decomposition of plant residues and leaching, rhizosphere soil should be the enrichment region of allelochemicals and used for research on allelopathy [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In previous research on allelopathy [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], the tested chemicals were usually culture medium or plant tissue extracts. These samples may not be regarded as a true representation of allelochemicals as not all chemicals in the plants are released into the environment during a normal plant lifecycle.…”