Application of high-resolution alluvial stratigraphy in assessing the hunter-gatherer/agricultural transition in the Santa Cruz River Valley, Southeastern Arizona

Freeman, Andrea

doi:10.1002/1520-6548(200008)15:6<559::aid-gea6>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Archaeologists are particularly interested in landscape evolution in fluvial systems because it affects the spatial patterning of cultural materials (Ferring, 1986; Mandel, 1992, 1995, 2006a, 2008; Mandel & Bettis, 1992, 1995; Waters, 1992; Freeman, 2000; Macklin & Passmore, 1995; Woodward, Lewin, & Macklin, 1995; Huckleberry, 2001; Waters & Haynes, 2001; Bettis & Mandel, 2002; Robertson, 2006). Fluvial systems, in general, have rapidly evolving landscapes characterized by complex processes that control the formation and destruction of landforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils and late‐Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east‐central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research

Beeton¹,

Mandel²

2011

Geoarchaeology

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Temporal and spatial patterns of landscape evolution strongly influence the temporal and spatial patterns of the archaeological record in drainage systems. In this geoarchaeological investigation we took a basin-wide approach in assessing the soil stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and geochronology of alluvial deposits and associated buried soils in the Cottonwood River basin of east-central Kansas. Patterns of landscape evolution emerge when stratigraphic sequences and radiocarbon chronologies are compared by stream size and landform type. In the valleys of high-order streams (Ն4th order) the Younger Dryas Chronozone (ca. 11,000-10,000 14 C yr B.P.) was characterized by slow aggradation accompanied by pedogenesis, resulting in the development of organic-rich cumulic soils. Between ca. 10,000 and 4900 14 C yr B.P., aggradation punctuated by soil formation was the dominant process in those valleys. Alluvial fans formed on the margins of high-order stream valleys during the early and middle Holocene (ca. 9000-5000 14 C yr B.P.) and continued to develop slowly until ca. 3000-2000 14 C yr B.P. The lateHolocene record of high-order streams is characterized by episodes of entrenchment, rapid aggradation, and slow aggradation punctuated by soil development. By contrast, the early and middle Holocene (ca. 10,000-5000 14 C yr B.P.) was a period of net erosion in the valleys of loworder streams. However, during the late Holocene small valleys became zones of net sediment storage. Consideration of the effects of these patterns of landscape evolution on the archaeological record is crucial for accurately interpreting that record and searching for buried archaeological deposits dating to specific cultural periods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils and late‐Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east‐central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research

Beeton¹,

Mandel²

2011

Geoarchaeology

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“…Transitions in river systems are often caused by addition of sediment supply or changes in channel stream gradient and are commonly associated with topographic influence or areas of river confluences (Freeman 2000). In the Ramis valley, differences in both river planform and lateral distribution of facies associations are highly dependent on the location of the bedrock constrictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic Influence on Sedimentology and Geomorphology of the Rio Ramis Valley, Peru

Farabaugh

Rigsby

2005

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Fluctuations in regional precipitation and in base-level (the level of Lake Titicaca) trigger changes in fluvial erosion and deposition in the largest tributary valley of Lake Titicaca, the Rio Ramis, Peru. Relationships between fluvial sedimentation and terrace formation demonstrate that large-scale aggradational and downcutting events are associated with specific regional climatic events that have been previously documented in the Lake Titicaca basin and elsewhere on the Altiplano. Five laterally extensive terrace tracts (A through E) are present within the valley. Downcutting of the Ramis valley is correlative with base-level (Lake Titicaca level) fall caused by a decrease in precipitation. Aggradation is correlative with base-level rise during increasing precipitation. Sedimentary facies underlying the terraces record deposition in a large paleolake followed by deposition of both meandering and braided fluvial sediments. The highest terrace in the valley-E-is underlain by a thick sequence of lacustrine strata that was deposited during an extremely wet period in the Lake Titicaca region that terminated at about 40,000 cal yr BP. These lacustrine strata were subsequently downcut, likely at a time of large drop in lake-level, resulting in a deeply incised valley. The main phase of fluvial aggradation in the valley (sediments underlying the D through B terraces) was slow, spanning about 25,000 years. It occurred before, during, and after the Last Glacial Maximum (from before 35,140 ؎ 790 cal yr BP until about 10,421 ؎ 181 cal yr BP), a time period that was mostly characterized in the Lake Titicaca basin by high precipitation rates and high base-levels. The aggradation resulted in almost 40 m of sediment accumulation in the valley and was followed by rapid (about 2,000 years), but episodic, incision into the underlying fluvial sediments to form the C and B terraces, as well as the erosional surface beneath the modern fill terrace (A). This erosional phase corresponded to several periods of local base-level (Lake Titicaca) lowering between 10,241 ؎ 181 and 1,668 ؎ 76 cal yr BP. The modern fill terrace has aggraded about 2 m above modern river level, likely within the last 1,500 years.

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“…We assembled a dataset of 717 14 C determinations from the arroyo channel fill, fans, and floodplains of the upper San Pedro (e.g., Ballenger, 2010a;Cook, 2007;Haas and Haynes, 1975;Haynes, 2007b;Haynes and Haas, 1974;Haynes et al, 1966Haynes et al, , 1967Haynes et al, , 1971Hopkins, 2010;Huckell, 1990;Pigati et al, 2008) and middle Santa Cruz Valleys (e.g., Freeman, 2000;Haynes and Huckell, 1986;Mabry, 2008;Waters, 1988). In addition to the published literature, we have included all of the radiocarbon dates contained in the index card catalog of C. Vance Haynes, Jr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Widespread synchroneity of erosive periods evidenced by stratigraphy, index fossils, and archaeology indicated that "alluvial cycles" were possibly related to climatic cycles (Antevs, 1952;Bryan, 1941). Investigation of alluvial cycles often relies on data from archaeological sites, allowing researchers to correlate changes in human settlement and subsistence with geomorphological adjustments possibly brought about by climate change (Antevs, 1955(Antevs, , 1962Bryan, 1941;Haynes, 1968aHaynes, , 1991Huckell, 1995;Mabry, 2006a;Sayles and Antevs, 1941;Waters and Ravesloot, 2000) or intrinsic geomorphic controls and complex responses (Freeman, 2000;Huckleberry and Billman, 1998;Patton and Schumm, 1981;Schumm and Hadley, 1957;Schumm and Parker, 1973;Waters, 1989). Application of the radiocarbon method in creating alluvial chronologies has therefore emphasized (1) determining the chronology and rates of alluviation, soil formation, and erosion at different sites and their temporal relationship to other late Quaternary records, and (2) determining the chronological position of artifacts and fossil fauna in relation to their stratigraphic context (Haynes, 1968a).…”

Section: Geological and Archaeological Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal frequency distributions of alluvium in the American Southwest: taphonomic, paleohydraulic, and demographic implications

Ballenger

Mabry²

2011

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Application of high-resolution alluvial stratigraphy in assessing the hunter-gatherer/agricultural transition in the Santa Cruz River Valley, Southeastern Arizona

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Soils and late‐Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east‐central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research

Soils and late‐Quaternary landscape evolution in the Cottonwood River basin, east‐central Kansas: Implications for archaeological research

Climatic Influence on Sedimentology and Geomorphology of the Rio Ramis Valley, Peru

Temporal frequency distributions of alluvium in the American Southwest: taphonomic, paleohydraulic, and demographic implications

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