Application of Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactors for Treatment of Wastewater Containing Organic Pollutants: Intensification Using Hybrid Approaches

Abstract

The concentration of hazardous pollutants in the wastewater streams has to keep below a certain level in order to comply with the stringent environmental laws. The conventional technologies for wastewater treatment have drawbacks in terms of limited applicability and efficiency. Utilization of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) reactors for the degradation of pollutants at large scale has shown considerable promise over last few years, due to higher energy efficiencies and low cost operation based on lower consumption of chemicals for the treatment. The present work overviews the degradation of different pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticide, phenolic derivatives and dyes, as well as the treatment of real industrial effluents using hybrid methods based on HC viz. HC/H2O2, HC/Ozone, HC/Fenton, HC/Ultraviolet irradiations (UV), and HC coupled with biological oxidation. Furthermore, based on the literature reports, recommendations for the selection of optimum operating parameters, such as inlet pressure, solution temperature, initial pH and initial pollutant concentration have been discussed in order to maximize the process intensification benefits. Moreover, hybrid methods based on HC has been demonstrated to show good synergism as compared to individual treatment approach. Overall, high energy efficient wastewater treatment can be achieved using a combined treatment approach based on HC under optimized conditions.

Luminescence intensity of vortex cavitation in a Venturi tube changing with cavitation number

“…In the case of hydrodynamic cavitation, a practical application for wastewater treatment has been proposed using multiple orifices [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] . Disruption of Escherichia coli [25] , degradation of dichlorvos [26] , removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater [27] , waste-activated sludge pretreatment [28] and effluent treatment [29] have also been proposed.…”

Application of Hydrodynamic Cavitation to Improve the Biodegradability of Municipal Wastewater

“…Numerous studies were have been conducted to enhance biodegradability and treat municipal wastewater (Korpe et al, 2019). The conventional and commonly known treatment methods of wastewater are not capable to reach complete transformation of the pollutants to water and carbon dioxide, so the development in wastewater treatment methods and technologies is focused to meet the requirements of environmental law (Thanekar and Gogate, 2018). Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are the technologies that have been effectively applied for the removal of toxic and refractory contaminants, as a result of uncomplicated reactor construction and the exceedingly efficient operation.…”

Degradation of Tartrazine Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation‐Based Hybrid Techniques and Fenton Chemistry

“…The efficacy of HC in conjugation with Fenton chemistry has been investigated to the desirable extent for the degradation of p-nitrophenol [50], methyl parathion [51], dichlorvos [52], rhodamine B [53], and industrial waste [54][55][56]. These studies indicate that HC in conjugation with Fenton chemistry is an efficient way of degrading recalcitrant organic pollutants when compared with the individual HC and Fenton chemistry processes.…”