Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique in the study of cancer treatment

Abstract

In recent years, gene editing, especially that using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9, has made great progress in the field of gene function. Rapid development of gene editing techniques has contributed to their significance in the field of medicine. Because the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool is not only powerful but also has features such as strong specificity and high efficiency, itcan accurately and rapidly screen the whole genome, facilitating the administration of gene therapy for specific diseases. In the field of tumor research, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to edit genomes to explore the mechanisms of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. In these years, this system has been increasingly applied in tumor treatment research. CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to treat tumors by repairing mutations or knocking out specific genes. To date, numerous preliminary studies have been conducted on tumor treatment in related fields. CRISPR/Cas9 holds great promise for gene-level tumor treatment. Personalized and targeted therapy based on CRISPR/Cas9 will possibly shape the development of tumor therapy in the future. In this study, we review the findings of CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor treatment research to provide references for related future studies on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of tumors.

Stem cell programs in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance

“…The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 screening technologies has also greatly accelerated cancer research in many aspects, including robust site-specific gene editing, generation of animal cancer models, and functional genetic screening. The potential role of CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing has received a lot of attention and has become a critical tool in the development of cancer therapeutics 344 , 345 . The role of the TME as a critical regulator of CSC properties and an essential target for CSC elimination has now come into sharper focus.…”

A Tecnologia De Crispr-Cas9 Na Terapia Gênica Do Câncer De Pulmão

“…Isso se dá devido à grande facilidade de execução em comparação com as técnicas existentes, como ZNFs e TALENs, além do fato da sua especificidade e eficiência serem altas. Seu potencial proporciona grandes avanços para a medicina em diversas áreas da saúde, como demonstra Jiang et al 34 que indicam uma perspectiva de criação de medicamentos.…”

“…Devido os tumores possuírem várias mutações genéticas, o CRISPR-Cas9 pode ser utilizado para construir um modelo de tumor com múltiplas mutações no gene in vivo e com isso simular doenças complexas 34 . Em um estudo a deleção de AMPK α1 e α2, através de uma edição feita com CRISPR-Cas9 em células de adenocarcinoma de pulmão (CPNPC mediadas em KRASG12D p53f/f), demonstrou uma diminuição substancial no tamanho do tumor 35 .…”

CRISPR-Cas and Its Wide-Ranging Applications: From Human Genome Editing to Environmental Implications, Technical Limitations, Hazards and Bioethical Issues

“…Examples include cancer, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immunodeficiency, infectious diseases, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, metabolic diseases, cystic fibrosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and several others (reviewed in [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]). In particular, the treatment and characterization of cancer is very promising, and hundreds of publications are available on this topic (for recent reviews, see for example [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]). Pavani and collaborators showed its use in the treatment of beta-thalassemia [ 52 ] and there are ongoing projects for the treatment of AIDS [ 53 ].…”