Abstract:In this work, a novel drug delivery system was developed for thymol. Thymol is an herbal medicine that has low chemical reactivity. The drug delivery platform was Janus Magnetic Nanoparticle. The carrier's core‐shell structure was Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4) as core and thin layer SiO2 (SiN) as a shell. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the co‐precipitation method. A thin layer of SiO2 was covered on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The whole Janus magnetic nanoparticle, Fe3O4@SiN, was function… Show more
“…Janus NPs are associated with two sides of a magnetic core and different functional materials. 169 , 170 Figure 3 Different coating structures for synthesis of MNCs and common shapes of the magnetic core. 171 …”
Section: Application Of Polymer In Stabilizing Magnetic Nanocompositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Janus NPs are associated with two sides of a magnetic core and different functional materials. 169,170 In a study by Wulandari et al, 172 Fe 3 O 4 NPs were fabricated by the ex-situ co-precipitation method and cross-linked with chitosan using tripolyphosphate/sulfate. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum revealed that the increase of chitosan coating agent enhanced and declined the SEM size and crystallite size of the NPs, respectively.…”
Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting off-target cytotoxicities have been reported. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies using magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) for magnetothermal chemotherapy may potentially improve the therapeutic outcome by increasing the target selectivity. In this review, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic targeting using drug-loaded MNCs are revisited, focusing on magnetism, the fabrication and structures of magnetic nanoparticles, surface modifications, biocompatible coating, shape, size, and other important physicochemical properties of MNCs, along with the parameters of the hyperthermia therapy and external magnetic field. Due to the limited drug-loading capacity and low biocompatibility, the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as drug delivery system has lost traction. In contrast, MNCs show higher biocompatibility, multifunctional physicochemical properties, high drug encapsulation, and multi-stages of controlled release for localized synergistic chemo-thermotherapy. Further, combining various forms of magnetic cores and pH-sensitive coating agents can generate a more robust pH, magneto, and thermo-responsive drug delivery system. Thus, MNCs are ideal candidate as smart and remotely guided drug delivery system due to a) their magneto effects and guideability by the external magnetic fields, b) on-demand drug release performance, and c) thermo-chemosensitization under an applied alternating magnetic field where the tumor is selectively incinerated without harming surrounding non-tumor tissues. Given the important effects of synthesis methods, surface modifications, and coating of MNCs on their anticancer properties, we reviewed the most recent studies on magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery systems in cancer therapy, and magnetothermal chemotherapy to provide insights on the current development of MNC-based anticancer nanocarrier.
“…Janus NPs are associated with two sides of a magnetic core and different functional materials. 169 , 170 Figure 3 Different coating structures for synthesis of MNCs and common shapes of the magnetic core. 171 …”
Section: Application Of Polymer In Stabilizing Magnetic Nanocompositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Janus NPs are associated with two sides of a magnetic core and different functional materials. 169,170 In a study by Wulandari et al, 172 Fe 3 O 4 NPs were fabricated by the ex-situ co-precipitation method and cross-linked with chitosan using tripolyphosphate/sulfate. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum revealed that the increase of chitosan coating agent enhanced and declined the SEM size and crystallite size of the NPs, respectively.…”
Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting off-target cytotoxicities have been reported. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies using magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) for magnetothermal chemotherapy may potentially improve the therapeutic outcome by increasing the target selectivity. In this review, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic targeting using drug-loaded MNCs are revisited, focusing on magnetism, the fabrication and structures of magnetic nanoparticles, surface modifications, biocompatible coating, shape, size, and other important physicochemical properties of MNCs, along with the parameters of the hyperthermia therapy and external magnetic field. Due to the limited drug-loading capacity and low biocompatibility, the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as drug delivery system has lost traction. In contrast, MNCs show higher biocompatibility, multifunctional physicochemical properties, high drug encapsulation, and multi-stages of controlled release for localized synergistic chemo-thermotherapy. Further, combining various forms of magnetic cores and pH-sensitive coating agents can generate a more robust pH, magneto, and thermo-responsive drug delivery system. Thus, MNCs are ideal candidate as smart and remotely guided drug delivery system due to a) their magneto effects and guideability by the external magnetic fields, b) on-demand drug release performance, and c) thermo-chemosensitization under an applied alternating magnetic field where the tumor is selectively incinerated without harming surrounding non-tumor tissues. Given the important effects of synthesis methods, surface modifications, and coating of MNCs on their anticancer properties, we reviewed the most recent studies on magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery systems in cancer therapy, and magnetothermal chemotherapy to provide insights on the current development of MNC-based anticancer nanocarrier.
“…Fabrication of core–shell structures enables the selection of the core properties and provides the possibility for building suitable shell/shells to produce amazing multifunctional and multilayer materials for various applications including extraction, photocatalysis, solar energy, and hydrogen production . The challenges involved in the controlled fabrication of the iron-oxide-/silica-based magnetic core/shell structures is an important and ongoing research topic comprising efforts to enhance the magnetic materials’ stability, functionality and recycling potential for various applications. , The recycling and reuse of core–shell structures are important for the development of sustainable applications. , Most of the previous strategies for the formation and stabilization of Fe 3 O 4 -based magnetic core–shell structures focused on the functionalization of the shell and/or shells around the Fe 3 O 4 core. ,, These include Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 / Pr–N = Mo[Mo5O 18 ], Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @-SC, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @DMSA, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @HPG-OPPh 2 -PNP, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @rGO, Fe 3 O 4 @SiN/β-CD, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IL-PMO/Pd, and Fe 3 O 4 –SiO 2 -2DMDPS . Therefore, in this research, we built a strategy for core stabilization and functionalization.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 63 , 64 Most of the previous strategies for the formation and stabilization of Fe 3 O 4 -based magnetic core–shell structures focused on the functionalization of the shell and/or shells around the Fe 3 O 4 core. 62 , 65 , 66 These include Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 / Pr–N = Mo[Mo5O 18 ], 67 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @-SC, 68 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @DMSA, 69 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @HPG-OPPh 2 -PNP, 70 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @rGO, 71 Fe 3 O 4 @SiN/β-CD, 72 Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @IL-PMO/Pd, 73 and Fe 3 O 4 –SiO 2 -2DMDPS. 74 Therefore, in this research, we built a strategy for core stabilization and functionalization.…”
The development of
a sustainable process for heavy metal
ion remediation
has become a point of interest in various fields of research, including
wastewater treatment, industrial development, and health and environmental
safety. In the present study, a promising sustainable adsorbent was
fabricated through continuous controlled adsorption/desorption processes
for heavy metal uptake. The fabrication strategy is based on a simple
modification of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles
with organosilica in a one-pot solvothermal process, carried out in
order to insert the organosilica moieties into the Fe3O4 nanocore during their formation. The developed organosilica-modified
Fe3O4 hetero-nanocores had hydrophilic citrate
moieties, together with hydrophobic organosilica ones, on their surfaces,
which facilitated the further surface coating procedures. To prevent
the formed nanoparticles from leaching into the acidic medium, a dense
silica layer was coated on the fabricated organosilica/Fe3O4 (OS/Fe3O4). In addition, the
prepared OS/Fe3O4@SiO2 was utilized
for the adsorption of cobalt(II), lead(II), and manganese(II) from
the solutions. The data for the adsorption processes of cobalt(II),
lead(II), and manganese(II) on OS/(Fe3O4)@SiO2 were found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model,
indicating the fast uptake of heavy metals. The Freundlich isotherm
was found to be more suitable for describing the uptake of heavy metals
by OS/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. The
negative values of the ΔG° showed a spontaneous
adsorption process of a physical nature. The super-regeneration and
recycling capacities of the OS/Fe3O4@SiO2 were achieved, comparing the results to those of previous
adsorbents, with a recyclable efficiency of 91% up to the seventh
cycle, which is promising for environmental sustainability.
“…Although the delivery of Thymol via nanocarriers has been researched in the past, there is no proof that Thymol is delivered using niosomes. Taherkhani et al in 2021 have studied the application of Janus Magnetic Nanoparticle Fe3O4@SiN functionalized with beta-cyclodextrin in thymol drug delivery procedure; 31 however, only in vitro studies were conducted, no bioassays were performed, and the primary focus was on the characterization of the nanoparticle. Although polymeric nanoparticle modified by oleic acid (NPMO) was employed in another work by Karimi et al in 2019, 32 it was primarily focused on the angiogenic effects on rat’s olfactory ensheathing cells and it was concluded that in higher concentrations, the encapsulated thymol had shown more toxicity and resulted in increased the production of ROS.…”
There is an unmet need to develop potent therapeutics against cancer with minimal side effects and systemic toxicity. Thymol (TH) is an herbal medicine with anti-cancer properties that has been investigated scientifically. This study shows that TH induces apoptosis in cancerous cell lines such as MCF-7, AGS, and HepG2. Furthermore, this study reveals that TH can be encapsulated in a Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated niosome (Nio-TH/PVA) to enhance its stability and enable its controlled release as a model drug in the cancerous region. Materials and Methods: TH-loaded niosome (Nio-TH) was fabricated and optimized using Box-Behnken method and the size, polydispersity index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency (EE) were characterized by employing DLS, TEM and SEM, respectively. Additionally, in vitro drug release and kinetic studies were performed. Cytotoxicity, antiproliferative activity, and the mechanism were assessed by MTT assay, quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, cell cycle, caspase activity evaluation, reactive oxygen species investigation, and cell migration assays. Results: This study demonstrated the exceptional stability of Nio-TH/PVA at 4 °C for two months and its pH-dependent release profile. It also showed its high toxicity on cancerous cell lines and high compatibility with HFF cells. It revealed the modulation of Caspase-3/Caspase-9, MMP-2/MMP-9 and Cyclin D/ Cyclin E genes by Nio-TH/PVA on the studied cell lines. It confirmed the induction of apoptosis by Nio-TH/PVA in flow cytometry, caspase activity, ROS level, and DAPI staining assays. It also verified the inhibition of metastasis by Nio-TH/PVA in migration assays. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study revealed that Nio-TH/PVA may effectively transport hydrophobic drugs to cancer cells with a controlled-release profile to induce apoptosis while exhibiting no detectable side effects due to their biocompatibility with normal cells.
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