Application of Linear Quadratic Gaussian and Coefficient Diagram Techniques to Distributed Load Frequency Control of Power Systems

Abstract

This paper presented both the linear quadratic Gaussian technique (LQG) and the coefficient diagram method (CDM) as load frequency controllers in a multi-area power system to deal with the problem of variations in system parameters and load demand change. The full states of the system including the area frequency deviation have been estimated using the Kalman filter technique. The efficiency of the proposed control method has been checked using a digital simulation. Simulation results indicated that, with the proposed CDM + LQG technique, the system is robust in the face of parameter uncertainties and load disturbances. A comparison between the proposed technique and other schemes is carried out, confirming the superiority of the proposed CDM + LQG technique.

Oscillation Damping for Wind Energy Conversion System with Doubly Fed Induction Generator Association with Synchronous Generator

“…The power produced by the DFIG based machine is called in this context nonconventional power to treat it as different from the conventional synchronous generator power. With the conditions of scenario 1, the deviation in the nonconventional power is given in Equation (27), in which α is the wind energy participation index:…”

“…In ref. [27], LQG was combined with a coefficient diagram method to solve a distributed LFC problem. The load and generation balance problem was proposed for two area interconnected power system in [28] and LQG with genetic algorithm was used in [29] to solve the LFC issues in the considered power system.…”

An Artificial Bee Optimization Based on Command Filtered CDM-Backstepping for Electro-Pneumatic System

“…Where y The stability index γ i , the equivalent time constant T 0 and the stability limit γ i * [16][17][18] are defined as…”

“…is used for reducing the steady state error and the characteristic polynomial is given in [16] by Eq. 4:…”

“…The fundamental contribution of this paper is the development of a new command filtered backstepping [11][12][13][14] combined with CDM controller [15][16][17][18] which will be applied to an electro-pneumatic system for position tracking; this approach requires only the reference signals and theirs derivatives to be available as inputs to the control system. The proposed control can guarantee an asymptotic convergence and enhance the robustness of the control law in the presence of disturbance and parameter variations.…”