Application of MAG (monoacyl glycerol) as emulsifier with red palm oil in body cream product

Abstract

Palm Fatty Acid Destilate (PFAD) is one of the wastes from the palm oil processing. PFAD can be reacted with glycerol to form MAG (monoacyl glycerol). MAG is an emulgator that can be applied in a cosmetic product in the form of a red palm oil cream. Red palm oil is one of the products processed from palm oil that still has a lot of natural antioxidant content such as carotenoids and vitamin E. formulation of red palm oil cream is carried out by treating variations of stearic acid substitution with red palm oil 50%, 75% and 100% as the source of active ingredients and variations in the combination of MAG and tween 80 as emulsifiers with each weight ratio of 1:3; 2:2 and 3:1. Each formula is then characterized based on its physical properties such as type of emulsion, pH, and stability of the emulsion. Some formulas that have the best physical properties will be selected and continued with sensory and total carotene tests. The synthesize MAG used has the characteristics of water content, free fatty acids and free glycerol, each at 1.27%; 0% and 0.37%. with a pure MAG yield of 18.85%. The best formula for red palm oil cream is formula with variation of stearic acid substitution with red palm oil by 50% and a variation of the MAG: tween 80 combination of 2:2. The formula has a HLB emulgator value of 9.4 and contains active carotenoid of 311.82 ppm.

Formulation and evaluation of virgin coconut oil (VCO) lotion: Effect of variation in emulsifier type and concentration

“…In making skincare creams or lotions, emulsifiers are often added to enhance the emulsion process, thus improving it stability and physochemical characteristics (Alam et al, 2020;Anggraini and Ritonga, 2020;Setyaningsih and Aminingsih, 2021;Huynh et al, 2021;Palefsky, 2022;). Two widely used emulsifiers are Tween 80 (a hydrophilic emulsifier) and Span 80 (a lipophilic emulsifier) (Faghmous et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022;Yousefi et al, 2023).…”

Sunscreen lip balm stick formulation containing a combination of virgin coconut oil and crude palm oil

“…Sun Protection Factor (SPF) refers to the ability of sunscreen products to protect against sun exposure. The SPF value indicates the level of protection provided: minimum (2-4), moderate (4)(5)(6), extra (6)(7)(8), maximum (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and ultra (above 15) [6].…”

“…Oil palm (Elaeis guinennsis) is another type of coconut plant that produces oil, which is then refined into crude palm oil (CPO). This oil has a distinctive reddish-orange color due to the presence of carotenoids and vitamin E [11]. It contains antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the plasma membrane.…”

“…It contains antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the plasma membrane. CPO has strong antioxidant activity with IC 50 value of 15.6 µg/mL [11,12].…”