Application of magnetic fields to wastewater treatment and its mechanisms: A review

Wang, Yilin; Gu, Xinchen; Quan, Jianing; Xing, Guohua; Yang, Lei; Zhao, Chuanliang; Wu, Pei Ying; Zhai, Fan; Hu, Bo; Hu, Yuansheng

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145476

Cited by 68 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…where e is the electronic charge, B is the magnetic field, ▵μ is the chiral chemical potential difference, and

{\hbar }

is the reduced Planck's constant [24] . For example, adsorbents and catalysts commonly used in wastewater treatment have a negative MR effect that promotes the migration of carriers, such as iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), to the active reaction sites, thereby allowing more carriers to participate in surface reactions and produce active substances, such as ⋅OH, per unit time [25] …”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Catalysis Under Magnetic Fields: Methodologies, Advances, and Trends

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

ChemCatChem

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Magnetic field‐enhanced catalysis is an advanced strategy for enhancing catalytic reactions that have emerged in recent years, presenting great potential for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Under favorable non‐contact magnetic field conditions, the external magnetic field that produces the enhancement effect can provide additional energy to the catalytic system as an additional driving force for the catalytic reaction and thus positively improve the overall catalytic efficiency. Exploring the effects of magnetic fields on multiscale catalytic reactions can broaden the practical applications of various catalytic reactions. This review begins with a brief introduction and analysis of possible mechanisms for magnetic field‐enhanced catalytic reactions (including spin polarization theory and electromagnetic theory), a description of the forces generated by magnetic fields, nano‐ and microscale magnetic materials, and various commonly used magnetic manipulation systems, and an overview of the application of magnetic fields to enhanced photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and biocatalytic reactions. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for advancing magnetic field‐enhanced catalytic reactions are presented. It is hoped that this review will provide a reference for the development and in‐depth study of magnetic field‐assisted enhanced catalytic reactions to improve catalytic efficiency.

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“…where e is the electronic charge, B is the magnetic field, ▵μ is the chiral chemical potential difference, and

{\hbar }

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Catalysis Under Magnetic Fields: Methodologies, Advances, and Trends

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

ChemCatChem

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“…The latter includes material-property-dependent separation in critical raw material harvesting, 15 cell separation, 16 or wastewater treatment. 17 Furthermore, magnetic dipole−dipole interaction is utilized for sensing, 18 the selfassembly of magnetic nanoparticles, 19 and geomagnetic-field-directed motile bacteria, e.g., magnetosomes. 20 The Kelvin force functions as the dominating force either in the aqueous phase (by changing the flow pattern which in turn influences the quality of protein crystals 21 ) or in the dispersed phase, by directing rare-earth complexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kelvin force is broadly acknowledged due to impressive demonstrations such as the flying frog and graphene levitation besides its versatile relevance in various technologies. The latter includes material-property-dependent separation in critical raw material harvesting, cell separation, or wastewater treatment . Furthermore, magnetic dipole–dipole interaction is utilized for sensing, the self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles, and geomagnetic-field-directed motile bacteria, e.g., magnetosomes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Separation of Rare-Earth Ions: Property Database and Kelvin Force Distribution

et al. 2022

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This work bridges two gaps in the magnetic separation of rare-earth ions. (1) A material property database is provided for the solutal expansion coefficient and the magnetic susceptibility of 11 out of 17 trivalent rare-earths. (2) A novel protocol is developed to enhance and resolve the magnetic term of the Kelvin force. For that purpose, an assembly of partition magnets is created where the individual magnets function in the first quadrant of their magnetic hysteresis loop. The mutual reinforcement is quantified in a particle magnetic levitation system. Thus, compared to exisiting magnetic assemblies, an enhancement in ∂B/(2μ0 ∂z) as high as 2 orders of magnitude is realized that covers 90% of the normalized spatial scale and requires 1 order of magnitude less magnet mass. Modeling the energy density field makes it possible to quantify the equilibrium position of the particle cloud at rest, which is attained via magnetophoresis of the particles regardless of their initial position. This enables the magnetic trapping and manipulation of particles with small hydrodynamic diameters. Optically tracking the transient magnetophoresis enables a high-fidelity, sub-mm resolution of ∂B 2/(2μ0 ∂z) which is further used to quantify the magnetic susceptibility of Ho(III), Tb(III), Er(III), and Gd(III).

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“…Many studies reported on using MFs to enhance pollutant removal efficiency to attain low‐cost, easy‐operation wastewater treatment processes 12 . Łebkowska 13 studied static MF effects on synthetic wastewater biodegradation using activated sludge and microorganism dehydrogenase activity in activated sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies reported on using MFs to enhance pollutant removal efficiency to attain low-cost, easy-operation wastewater treatment processes. 12 Łebkowska 13 studied static MF effects on synthetic wastewater biodegradation using activated sludge and microorganism dehydrogenase activity in activated sludge. The highest process efficiency with 25% higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation was obtained using a static MF of 7.5 mT among the tested magnetic flux density values of 0.005 to 0.14 T. Xu et al 14 applied a magnetic field to a sequencing batch reactor (MF-SBR) to convert N 2 O in low-intensity domestic wastewater at low temperature (10 C).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the effect of attractive and repulsive magnetic field on electricity generation and microbial community in microbial fuel cells

Lay

Deng

Chang

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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External magnetic field technology enhances microbial electrochemical reactions in biological processes. This study added Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnets to the outside of a double-chamber cubic microbial fuel cell (MFC) to explore the attractive or repulsive magnetic field effects at various intensities (0, 60, and 120 mT) on MFC performance. The results show that an extra 120 mT repulsive magnetic field can generate a peak power density of 144 mW/m 2 and a maximum current density of 1558 mA/m 2 . This value is 45 and 8 times higher, respectively, compared without adding the magnetic field. Moreover, adding 120 mT repulsive magnetic field can increase coulombic efficiency (CE) to 63.0%, which is higher than the CE of 25.9% without magnetic field addition. Taxonomy profiling classification results show that Geobacter and Pseudomonas, which can achieve e-pili and redox mediators, were the domain microorganism community. Magnetic fields enhance the electron movement efficiency through extracellular electron transfer mechanisms, including e-pili and redox mediators provided by the exoelectrogenic microorganism to enlarge the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency and CE value as well as increase the electron transfer probability to the electrode.

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Application of magnetic fields to wastewater treatment and its mechanisms: A review

Cited by 68 publications

References 146 publications

Multiscale Catalysis Under Magnetic Fields: Methodologies, Advances, and Trends

Multiscale Catalysis Under Magnetic Fields: Methodologies, Advances, and Trends

Magnetic Separation of Rare-Earth Ions: Property Database and Kelvin Force Distribution

Exploring the effect of attractive and repulsive magnetic field on electricity generation and microbial community in microbial fuel cells

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