Application of Mann-Whitney U Test in Research of Professional Training of Primary School Teachers

Milenović, Živorad

doi:10.32728/mo.06.1.2011.06

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Validity test using the Spearman Rank correlation (Equation 1) because all the results of the processing have non-normal distribution (Setiawan et al, 2019). Data prove to be valid as indicated by the minimum significance value of 0.05, thus analysis can be continued using the Mann-Whitney U-Test as presented in Equations 2 (Dadson, 2017;Milenovic, 2011;Sanyé-Mengual et al, 2018). Details about the data analysis stage is presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of Cirebon coal-fired power plants on water quality in Mundu Bay, Cirebon Regency

Widiawaty

Nurhanifah

Ismail

et al. 2020

SJES

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The presence of Cirebon coal-fired power plant I and II caused negative effects to coastal morphology and the quality of marine waters. This also have negative impacts to the fisherman around that sea. This study aims to examine the impact of the Cirebon coal-fired power plant on the water quality of Mundu Bay, Cirebon Regency. Water quality is determined based on total suspended solids (TSS), sea surface temperatures (SST), chlorophyll-A, and salinity in the range 1999 – 2019. Data collection was carried out using satellite imagery of Landsat-5 TM, Landsat- 7 ETM+, and Landsat-8 OLI verified with in-situ field measurements, Sentinel-2 A MSI, and MODIS Aqua imageries. Changes in water quality due to the infrastructure of the two power plants are known through the Mann-Whitney U-Test and Spearman’s correlation analysis. This research shows that two Cirebon coal-fired power plant has a significant effect on changes in the quality of Mundu Bay waters. Changes in water quality are shown by a significant increase in TSS concentrations and SST values accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll-A levels and salinity levels. Changes in the quality of these waters also disrupt marine biota habitat and cause fishermen in around are difficult to get the ideal catchment yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of Cirebon coal-fired power plants on water quality in Mundu Bay, Cirebon Regency

Widiawaty

Nurhanifah

Ismail

et al. 2020

SJES

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“…The data were positively skewed due to the large number of (0) values within the variance, thus the mean will not be a good representation of the data. Instead, the data were presented with the mean rank of the mentioned test [ 20 ]. The p -value generated from the statistical test was used to demonstrate the significant difference between the control and expanded tissues, considering significance at p ≤ 0.05, and with respect to a two-tailed probability distribution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Responses in Oro-Maxillofacial Region Expanded Using Anisotropic Hydrogel Tissue Expander

et al. 2020

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Objective: Reconstruction of oral and facial defects often necessitate replacement of missing soft tissue. The purpose of tissue expanders is to grow healthy supplementary tissue under a controlled force. This study investigates the inflammatory responses associated with the force generated from the use of anisotropic hydrogel tissue expanders. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 7, body weight = 300 g ± 50 g) were grouped randomly into two groups—control (n = 3) and expanded (n = 4). Anisotropic hydrogel tissue expanders were inserted into the frontal maxillofacial region of the rats in the expanded group. The rats were sacrificed, and skin samples were harvested, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin wax for histological investigation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to detect histological changes between the two groups and to investigate the inflammatory response in the expanded samples. Three inflammatory markers, namely interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Result: IL-1-α expression was only observed in the expanded tissue samples compared to the controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in IL-6, and TNF-α production. Histological analysis showed the absence of inflammatory response in expanded tissues, and a negative non-significant correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) between IL-1-α immune-positive cells and the inflammatory cells (r = −0.500). In conclusion, tissues that are expanded and stabilized using an anisotropic self-inflating hydrogel tissue expander might be useful for tissue replacement and engraftment as the expanded tissue does not show any sign of inflammatory responses. Detection of IL-1-α in the expanded tissues warrants further investigation for its involvement without any visible inflammatory response.

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“…Chi-square test at 0.05 significance level was undertaken to test the dependences between nominal variables (Kozel et al, 2017). For values measured on ordinary scale, Mann-Whitney U test, as an alternative non-parametric statistical technique (when the data are not normally distributed) to a t-test was calculated to compare whether the medians of two data sets are equal (Milenović, 2011). Cramer's V coefficient (for nominal variables when the number of rows and columns or both is greater than two), Phi coefficient (for 2×2 contingency table with nominal variables) and Eta coefficient (to determine the degree of association between interval and nominal variables) were counted to prove the strength of relationship between variables, using these descriptors to interpret the coefficients: 0.00 and under 0.10 -negligible association, 0.10 and under 0.20 -weak association, 0.20 and under 0.40 -moderate association, 0.40 and under 0.60 -relatively strong association, 0.60 and under 0.80 -strong association, 0.80 and under 1.00 -very strong association (Rea and Parker, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation Y Perceptions and Expectations of Food Quality Labels in the Czech Republic and Poland

Velčovská

Hadro

2018

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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The paper advances the topic of food quality labels. The main goal of the study is to explore generation Y perceptions and expectations of food quality labels in the Czech Republic and Poland. The data were collected through an online survey from 372 respondents, involving 221 of Czechs and 151 of Poles. The statistical analysis procedures including descriptive statistics, Chi‑square test and Mann‑Whitney U test were performed to discover whether significant differences do exist between Czech and Polish consumer attitudes to the topic. Findings show that the number of food quality labels is perceived as strongly high and confusing, it is evident mainly in the Czech Republic. Impact of quality labels on food purchases is therefore limited and the labels benefits are not understood in full range. Statistically significant differences were confirmed between attitudes of Czechs and Poles to the food products characteristics that should be guaranteed by quality labels. Futher, Czech and Polish respondents differ in their opinion on the fee for the certification and credible administrator of the labels.

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Application of Mann-Whitney U Test in Research of Professional Training of Primary School Teachers

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

The impact of Cirebon coal-fired power plants on water quality in Mundu Bay, Cirebon Regency

The impact of Cirebon coal-fired power plants on water quality in Mundu Bay, Cirebon Regency

Inflammatory Responses in Oro-Maxillofacial Region Expanded Using Anisotropic Hydrogel Tissue Expander

Generation Y Perceptions and Expectations of Food Quality Labels in the Czech Republic and Poland

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