Application of Metal–Organic Framework Materials and Derived Porous Carbon Materials in Catalytic Hydrogenation

Abstract

In the past few decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gradually become attractive materials in various fields due to their unique properties (adjustable pore size, large specific surface area, highly ordered structure, uniformly distributed metal nodes, good modifiability). MOF-derived porous carbon materials have also attracted great interest in many application fields due to their adjustable chemical and physical properties. The hydrogenation reaction is an important type of reaction in the chemical industry. The catalysts play an important role in the hydrogenation reaction. In recent years, MOFs and derived porous carbon materials have had extensive application in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. Compared with other traditional catalysts, MOFs and derived porous carbon materials have some unique advantages as hydrogenation catalysts, which are described in this review. In addition, we have expounded the rational design of MOF hydrogenation catalysts from the following four aspects: choosing suitable MOFs with coordinated unsaturated metal sites, good stability, and precise control and optimizing the structure of MOF materials and hydrogen storage characteristics of MOF materials. The application of nitrogen-doped carbon materials and MOF-derived porous carbon materials in hydrogenation reactions has also been compared. Moreover, various MOFs and derived porous carbon materials with excellent performance are discussed in detail in various catalytic hydrogenation reactions including olefins, alkynes, alcohols and phenols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, nitro compounds, and other hydrogenation reactions. Finally, the challenges of MOFs and derived porous carbon materials as hydrogenation catalysts are objectively summarized, and the application and development trends in catalytic hydrogenation reactions are prospected.

Biomass‐derived porous material synthesized by one‐step calcination method for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls in water

“…Carbon‐based materials, such as carbon nanotubes, porous biomass carbon, and graphene, have attracted the attention of researchers. Besides the application of the fields in catalysis [14], life sciences [15], sensors [16], and energy [17], they are usually regarded as nice absorbents [18]. Owing to the merits of low cost, intrinsic porous structure, and chemical stability [19], biomass carbon is considered to have good application prospects in MSPE.…”

Hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over MOF-derived Fe/Cu@C and Fe3O4/Cu@C catalysts

“…During high-temperature pyrolysis under inert conditions, MOFs can be carbonized into porous carbon materials uniformly loaded with the component metals and these metal–carbon active sites can be uniformly distributed throughout the framework through control of the pyrolysis conditions and without the addition of a carbon source. 29–31…”

“…During high-temperature pyrolysis under inert conditions, MOFs can be carbonized into porous carbon materials uniformly loaded with the component metals and these metal-carbon active sites can be uniformly distributed throughout the framework through control of the pyrolysis conditions and without the addition of a carbon source. [29][30][31] In the field of heterogeneous catalysis, especially in recyclable reaction systems, the magnetism of solid catalysts can be used to recover the catalyst by applying a magnetic field, which is very meaningful. Ferrite is an important magnetic nanomaterial.…”

Fast catalytic transfer hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol over urea modified Ni@CN nanoparticles

“…7 Moreover, the abundant existence of phenol in natural lignins can provide sufficient feedstocks for the process. Traditional catalytic hydrogenation of phenol can be carried out in the gas 8 or liquid phase 9 using noble metals Pt, 10,11 Rh, 12 and Pd 13,14 or transition metal [15][16][17] catalysts under a H 2 atmosphere, which requires special equipment to store and transport high-pressure H 2 . Moreover, H 2 is also easily explosive and flammable at high pressure or high temperature when combined with air.…”

“…39 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), consisting of metals and organic ligands, are a newly discovered class of porous materials with the characteristics of adjustable structure and tunable components. [40][41][42] They have been applied in many fields owing to their large specific surface area, large apertures and excellent stability, such as catalysis, 17,[43][44][45] electrode materials, [46][47][48] adsorbents, 49,50 storage and separation of mixed gases. 51,52 In addition, one of the most important applications of MOF materials is that they could be used as sacrificial templates to synthesize carbon-based materials through direct pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere.…”