Application of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensors Contactless NDT of Concrete Structures

Ham, Suyun; Popovics, John S.

doi:10.3390/s150409078

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Article presents the utility of micro-electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) for application in air-coupled (contactless or noncontact) sensing to concrete non-destructive testing (NDT) [15].…”

Section: Methods In Situ and Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Air-Coupled Impact-Echo Method for Non-Destructive Testing

Nowotarski

Dubas

Milwicz

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. The article presents the general idea of Air-Coupled Impact-Echo (ACIE) method which is one of the non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques used in the construction industry. One of the main advantages of the general Impact Echo (IE) method is that it is sufficient to access from one side to that of the structure which greatly facilitate research in the road facilities or places which are difficult to access and diagnose. The main purpose of the article is to present state-of-the-art related to ACIE method based on the publications available at Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection database (WOS) with the further analysis of the mentioned methods. Deeper analysis was also performed for the newest publications published within last 3 years related to ACIE for investigation on the subject of main focus of the researchers and scientists to try to define possible regions where additional examination and work is necessary. One of the main conclusions that comes from the performed analysis is that ACIE methods can be widely used for performing NDT of concrete structures and can be performed faster than standard IE method thanks to the Air-coupled sensors. What is more, 92.3% of the analysed recent research described in publications connected with ACIE was performed in laboratories, and only 23.1% in-situ on real structures. This indicates that method requires further research to prepare test stand ready to perform analysis on real objects outside laboratory conditions. Moreover, algorithms that are used for data processing and later presentation in ACIE method are still being developed and there is no universal solution available for all kinds of the existing and possible to find defects, which indicates possible research area for further works. Authors are of the opinion that emerging ACIE method could be good opportunity for ND testing especially for concrete structures. Development and refinement of test stands that will allow to perform in-situ tests could shorten the overall time of the research and with the connection of implementation of higher accuracy algorithms for data analysis better precision of defects localization can be achieved.

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“…Article presents the utility of micro-electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) for application in air-coupled (contactless or noncontact) sensing to concrete non-destructive testing (NDT) [15].…”

Section: Methods In Situ and Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Air-Coupled Impact-Echo Method for Non-Destructive Testing

Nowotarski

Dubas

Milwicz

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…The data is generally gathered in the time domain and post processed to retrieve the necessary information about state of the structure at that location. It is common to observe information in the frequency domain through a form of the Fourier Transformation after collection [46,49,50]. The frequency domain is of interest because the response in the frequency domain changes significantly depending on the internal conditions of the RC structure and is more easily understood and visible than the raw data response, whether acceleration, sound pressure, or another data type is used.…”

Section: Impact-echo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyzing the frequency of signals in response to excitation of concrete structures is a proven method of damage detection [46,49,50,62]. The FFT was used in order to decompose the signals into their frequency components.…”

Section: Fft Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air-coupled and contact impact-echo methods can detect in-situ damage, but can be limited in the location and types of damage the methods can detect depending on the resolution, number of sensors used, and the post-processing techniques employed [17,18,39,46,47,49,50,58,62,67]. Oh and Popovics (2014) carried out testing on concrete slabs in order to present an imaging technique called C-scan stack images that clearly define near-surface damages using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) [62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air-coupled impact-echo damage detection in reinforced concrete using wavelet transforms

Epp

Cha

2016

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Decline of the state of infrastructure in North America due to aging over the past decades has spawned burgeoning interest in the detection of internal damage of reinforced concrete (RC) structures via nondestructive testing. This study proposes a new impact-echo analysis method using wavelet transforms. The signals recorded from the microphones are analyzed using percentage of energy information to detect in-situ damages. Further, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used in order to test the feasibility of increasing the automaticity of the impact-echo method and a semi-autonomous sensing setup was used to the same end. The proposed wavelet transform-based approach showed improved accuracy when covering broader areas over conventional methods. The use of an ANN removed the need for a user-defined cutoff value for the classification of intact and damaged locations when a least-squared distance approach was used. It is postulated that this may contribute significantly to testing time reduction.

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“…In USA, and reduces weight for user convenience in the signal receiver. The contactless MEMS microphone was used in consideration of field situations where direct contact is difficult [28]. Four sensors are used to reduce data measurement errors and ensure data reliability, and the frequency range of the sensors is 0 to 80 kHz.…”

Section: Schematic Of Developed Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Equipment and Application of Machine Learning Techniques Using Frequency Response Data for Cap Damage Detection of Porcelain Insulators

et al. 2020

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The most common method for inspection of insulators is to measure the change of electrical characteristics such as electric resistance and partial discharge. However, even if there is no physical damage, these values vary depending on the temperature, humidity, and chloride content of the atmosphere. In this respect, an alternative to such methods can be the impact response test, and a frequency response function (FRF) obtained from the test has been widely used as a tool for damage detection. In this study the FRF was applied to identify the cap damage of porcelain insulators. In addition, to solve the danger of high voltage and poor field accessibility near the insulator, a device with high field applicability was developed to measure FRF from a long distance using an auto impact hammer and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. Even though the FRF is most suitable for inspection of porcelain insulators, dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies may vary depending on manufacturing errors, installation conditions, etc., which may cause difficulties in damage identification. To overcome this limitation, the machine learning (ML) method was applied in this study to provide a diagnostic method that ensured consistent and accurate judgment. As a result of predicting the normal and the cap damage data using the support vector machine (SVM), bagging, k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and discriminant analysis (DA) methods, the overall F1 score was over 87% and the bagging method achieved the highest accuracy. In this study, the frequency range and dynamic characteristics that are sensitive to the physical damage of the insulator were derived and, based on this, the optimum ML methods with improved equipment could provide analysis with higher accuracy and consistency than general analysis using the FRF.

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Application of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensors Contactless NDT of Concrete Structures

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Review of the Air-Coupled Impact-Echo Method for Non-Destructive Testing

Review of the Air-Coupled Impact-Echo Method for Non-Destructive Testing

Air-coupled impact-echo damage detection in reinforced concrete using wavelet transforms

Development of Equipment and Application of Machine Learning Techniques Using Frequency Response Data for Cap Damage Detection of Porcelain Insulators

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