Application of microemulsion thin layer chromatography for the fingerprinting of licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.)

Cui, Shufen; Fu, Boqiang; Lee, Frank Sen-Chun; Wang, Xiaoru

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.042

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To date, a number of analytical methods have been developed for investigation of OTS in licorice, including thinlayer chromatography, 11 capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet absorption detection (UV), 12 gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) or with mass spectrometry (MS), 13,14 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection (DAD) or with mass spectrometry (MS). 15,16 Previous reports contributed much to supporting the wide use of OTS and the herb.…”

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Structural characterization and identification of oleanane‐type triterpene saponins in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer by rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2010

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Oleanane-type triterpene saponins (OTS) are major active ingredients in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. In this work, a rapid-resolution liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC/TOF-MS) method has been developed to characterize and identify OTS from G. uralensis. The major diagnostic ions and fragmentation pathways from thirteen OTS have been characterized for the first time. At a low fragmentor voltage of 120 V in positive ion mode, the precursor ion [M + H](+) or/and [M + Na](+) was obtained for accurate determination of molecular formula. When the fragmentor voltage was increased to 425 V, abundant characteristic fragment ions were observed for structural characterization. Neutral losses of sugar moieties, such as glucuronic acid (GlcA, 176 Da), glucose (Glc, 162 Da) and rhamnose (Rha, 146 Da), were commonly observed in the MS spectra for prediction of the sugar number and sequences. Other typical losses included AcOH (60 Da), CH(2)O (30 Da), 2 × H(2)O (2 × 18 Da) and HCOOH (46 Da) from [Aglycone + H-H(2)O](+) (named [B](+)), corresponding to the presence of a C(22)-acetyl group, C(24)-hydroxyl group, C(22)-hydroxyl group or C(30)-carboxyl group on the aglycone moiety, respectively. In particular, characteristic ring cleavages of the aglycone moieties on A- and B-rings were observed. Based on the fragmentation patterns of reference compounds, nineteen OTS have been identified in an extract of G. uralensis, thirteen of which were unambiguously identified and the other six were tentatively assigned.

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confidence: 99%

Structural characterization and identification of oleanane‐type triterpene saponins in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer by rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2010

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Chemical fingerprint analysis has been applied as an effective approach for TCM quality control [5]. Fingerprinting methods have been developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [1,2,6,7], gas chromatography (GC) [8], thin layer chromatography (TLC) [9], high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCC) [10], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [11,12] and infrared (IR) spectroscopy [13,14]. However, these techniques usually require complex preprocessing of herb samples and/or expensive instruments.…”

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Application of nonlinear chemical fingerprinting to identification, evaluation and clinical use of Glycyrrhiza

et al. 2010

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Nonlinear chemical fingerprinting is a new technique for analyzing traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). We developed such a method and applied it to Glycyrrhiza, a significant TCM. Nonlinear chemical fingerprints were obtained for Glycyrrhiza from four different production areas, and for 14 other TCMs with similar induction time. The calculation of their similarities was based on similarity system theory. Using intuitive visual comparison of the data and the similarity calculation results, Glycyrrhiza was discriminated from the 14 other TCMs. There was a linear relationship between the content of active TCM components and the induction time. This was used to compare the content of active components in Glycyrrhiza from the four different production areas, and establish an equivalent-dose relationship for these four samples. This method provides a new tool for discrimination and evaluation of Glycyrrhiza, and a dosage reference for clinical application of Glycyrrhiza from the four regions studied. Nonlinear chemical fingerprint, discrimination, evaluation, Glycyrrhiza, traditional Chinese medicine Citation:Fang X Q, Zhang T M, Zhao Z, et al. Application of nonlinear chemical fingerprinting to identification, evaluation and clinical use of Glycyrrhiza.

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“…Various methods have been published for the analysis of these compounds in licorice, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [14-17], high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) [18], and capillary electrophoresis [19,20]. However, these published methods mainly involve Glycyrrhiza glabra and G. uralensis [21][22].…”

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HPLC analysis of glycyrrhizin and licochalcone a in Glycyrrhiza inflata from Xinjiang (China)

2010

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west China [1]. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia, as Glycyrrhiza glabra and G. uralensis, it is listed as one of the sources of licorice.Extensive chemical studies revealed that G. inflata contained the same bioactive constituents as Glycyrrhiza glabra and G. uralensis, which possess a wide array of biological properties. Triterpenoids such as glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid [2], apioglycyrrhizin, araboglycyrrhizin [3], and inflasaponins II, VI [4] and flavonoids such as liquiritin and isoliquiritigenin are the major compounds [5,6]. However, G. inflata also contains characteristic retrochalcones, such as licochalcone A-D, which are distinguished from ordinary chalcones by the absence of the oxygen functionality at the 2-position [7].Glycyrrhizin exhibits many pharmacological effects, including antiinflammatory, antitumorigenic, and antihepatotoxic activity, and it enhances the regeneration of liver mass and function [8]. Licochalcone A, as the main retrochalcone in G. inflata, showed various biological properties, such as antiparasitic, estrogenic, antitumor, and so on [10][11][12][13].Various methods have been published for the analysis of these compounds in licorice, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [14-17], high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) [18], and capillary electrophoresis [19,20]. However, these published methods mainly involve Glycyrrhiza glabra and G. uralensis [21][22]. There are few special studies reported on the analysis of Glycyrrhiza inflata.Based on the above-mentioned purpose, the aim of the current study was to develop a simple reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous quantification of glycyrrhizin and licochalcone A. In order to validate the HPLC quantitative method, the specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection and quantification of the method were investigated. The specific content of these compounds in eight samples using our technique was also examined.Each of the six standards for glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, and licochalcone A was analyzed in three replicates. Table 1 shows the results. The calibration curve was constructed by plotting the peak area against the concentration (Pg/mL) using linear regression analysis. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the peak areas of three replicate injections were between 1.52 and 3.29%.Dilute solutions of the reference compounds were further diluted to a series of concentrations with methanol to assess the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). The LOD and LOQ under the present chromatographic conditions were determined at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 and 10, respectively.The LOD values for glycyrrhizin and licochalcone A were 4.2 ng and 3.3 ng. The LOQ values were 14.3 ng and 10.5 ng, respectively.

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Application of microemulsion thin layer chromatography for the fingerprinting of licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.)

Cited by 56 publications

References 21 publications

Structural characterization and identification of oleanane‐type triterpene saponins in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer by rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Structural characterization and identification of oleanane‐type triterpene saponins in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer by rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Application of nonlinear chemical fingerprinting to identification, evaluation and clinical use of Glycyrrhiza

HPLC analysis of glycyrrhizin and licochalcone a in Glycyrrhiza inflata from Xinjiang (China)

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