Application of Molecular Approaches for Understanding Foodborne Salmonella Establishment in Poultry Production

Abstract

Salmonellosis in the United States is one of the most costly foodborne diseases. Given thatSalmonellacan originate from a wide variety of environments, reduction of this organism at all stages of poultry production is critical.Salmonellaspecies can encounter various environmental stress conditions which can dramatically influence their survival and colonization. Current knowledge ofSalmonellaspecies metabolism and physiology in relation to colonization is traditionally based on studies conducted primarily with tissue culture and animal infection models. Consequently, while there is some information about environmental signals that controlSalmonellagrowth and colonization, much still remains unknown. Genetic tools for comprehensive functional genomic analysis ofSalmonellaoffer new opportunities for not only achieving a better understanding ofSalmonellapathogens but also designing more effective intervention strategies. Now the function(s) of each single gene in theSalmonellagenome can be directly assessed and previously unknown genetic factors that are required forSalmonellagrowth and survival in the poultry production cycle can be elucidated. In particular, delineating the host-pathogen relationships involvingSalmonellais becoming very helpful for identifying optimal targeted gene mutagenesis strategies to generate improved vaccine strains. This represents an opportunity for development of novel vaccine approaches for limitingSalmonellaestablishment in early phases of poultry production. In this review, an overview ofSalmonellaissues in poultry, a general description of functional genomic technologies, and their specific application to poultry vaccine developments are discussed.

Antimicrobial activity of biosilver nanoparticles produced by a novel Streptacidiphilus durhamensis strain

“…to form biofilms. 30 This phenomenon might lead to precipitation and/or limited diffusion of AgNPs in TSA as a result of clogging of the gel pores. Furthermore, the same strain of bacteria examined in TSB medium to determine MIC and MBC presented high antimicrobial effects, in contrast with results from the well-diffusion method.…”

Application of Molecular Methods for Traceability of Foodborne Pathogens in Food Safety Systems

“…Finally, gaining a better understanding of pathogen evolution will also need to be considered (Raskin et al, 2006). This will include identifying novel targets for new antibiotic development and vaccines or designing unique multiple intervention approaches for different types of food production systems such as those that are organic based (Hughes, 2003;Ricke, 2003bRicke, , 2014Ricke et al, 2005Ricke et al, , 2012Sirsat et al, 2009Sirsat et al, , 2010. This will include identifying novel targets for new antibiotic development and vaccines or designing unique multiple intervention approaches for different types of food production systems such as those that are organic based (Hughes, 2003;Ricke, 2003bRicke, , 2014Ricke et al, 2005Ricke et al, , 2012Sirsat et al, 2009Sirsat et al, , 2010.…”

“…For example, the genus Salmonella is comprised of over 2500 serovars, some of which are more associated with foodborne disease than others, thus making it critical to be able to distinguish particular isolates Li et al, 2013;Ricke, 2014). Certainly most of the foodborne organisms exhibit biological variations among isolates and strains that can challenge certain approaches for tracking their activities.…”

Salmonella and the Potential Role for Methods to Develop Microbial Process Indicators on Chicken Carcasses

“…Much of the risk of exposure is subject to a number of factors including contaminated feeds, vectors, and carriers such as insects and aerosols, as well as the physiological status of the bird under certain circumstances like those occurring during times of stress (Pillai and Ricke, 2002;Maciorowski et al, 2004;Park et al, 2008;Dunkley et al, 2009;Finstad et al, 2012;Ricke, 2014). Much of the risk of exposure is subject to a number of factors including contaminated feeds, vectors, and carriers such as insects and aerosols, as well as the physiological status of the bird under certain circumstances like those occurring during times of stress (Pillai and Ricke, 2002;Maciorowski et al, 2004;Park et al, 2008;Dunkley et al, 2009;Finstad et al, 2012;Ricke, 2014).…”